UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CALLAO

FACULTAD DE INGENIERA QUMICA

SIMULACIN PARA INGENIERA DE PROCESOS
Por: AGUILAR CAMPOMANES, Beatriz
CASTILLO FRANCO, Anthony
CHIPA SAAVEDRA, Miguel
MEDINA BURGA, Brenda
PUCHULAN CARQUN, Cesar




RAMOS BALVIN, Katherine
SANCHEZ GUZMAN, Mayra
TORRES ANAYA, Andy



OBJETIVOS DEL CURSO
GENERAL PURPOSE : To provide theoretical and practical bases
for the implementation of the Process Simulation (using HYSYS
ASPEN ) in the hydrocarbon industry .

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES : - Strengthen knowledge of basic
principles (mathematics, thermodynamics, mass and energy
balances , etc.) Process Simulation . - Getting to Aspen Hysys
environment and recognition of its powerful tools for process
simulation. - Simulate transfer operations of momentum , heat
and mass . - Recognize the usefulness of the logical tools of
Aspen Hysys ( Adjust, Balance , Set, Recycle, etc ) . - Check with
the utility of applications in industry Aspen Hysys Refining of
Petroleum and Natural Gas Processing
AGENDA :
SIMULATION
2 ENVIRONMENT ASPEN HYSYS
3 THERMODYNAMIC MODELS
4 ESTIMATED PROPERTY
5 APPLICATIONS IN THERMODYNAMICS
the simulation system is to recreate or imitate reality designing a model and
performing experiences with him , in order to understand the behavior of the
system or evaluate new strategies -within the limits imposed by the way ( s )
criteria ( s ) - for system operation .

In process engineering, simulation can be defined as a technique to rapidly
assess a process based on a representation of it using mathematical models , in
which the solution of these models is carried out by means of computer programs
.

Due to the complexity of real problems in the chemical process industry ( in
which the number of variables and number of equations to be solved can be on
the order of thousands ) , simulators and computer software are essential tools

.
Although in the beginning the process simulation was focused principally for
industrial oil refining , natural and petrochemical gas, its application has been
extended to other industries such as food , synthetic fuels , pulp and paper,
cement , metals , minerals , etc.
Typical objectives of a simulation : Assess the system behavior
and predict outcomes under different conditions and situations (
ANALYSIS ) .

-Confirm Desirability of implementing new operations and / or
processes ( DESIGN ) .

-Sugerir Modifications to improve system performance and for
achieving the expected results ( OPTIMIZATION )
Simulation programs are very reliable in their
results , however , given the wide variety of
options , data and thermodynamic models ; is
necessary to apply a strict judgment and sound
engineering judgment to evaluate the results and
validate them.
The simulation
software not
think!
The software
just does the
math , engineer
everything else!
Software and User Interface

CAPE- OPEN standards are basic rules for the development of communication
interfaces of software components for process modeling , especially developed
for the design and operation of chemical processes. These standards are based
on universally recognized software technologies , such as COM and CORBA .

The advantage of CAPE- OPEN is that they are used by many process
simulators , such as Aspen Plus , Aspen Hysys , ChemCAD , Unisim ,
ProsimPlus , ProMax Pro II , Design II , etc.
ASPEN PLUS
BARRA DE TITULO BARRA DE MENS
Entorno/Modo de simulacin
Ventana de estado de objetos
Ventana de estado de la simulacin
VENTANA DE
SIMULACION
Basic steps for performing a simulation in Aspen Hysys


1. - Start program.
2. 2. - Create a new project.
3. 3 - State the chemical compounds involved in the simulation.
4. 4. - Choosing the thermodynamic model .
5. 5. - Enter the simulation environment .
6. 6 - Create the flowchart of the process. 7
7. - declare the conditions of feed streams .
8. 8. - define operating parameters for each team.
9. 9. - process specifications ( design specifications )
10. 10. - Generate the report and / or final report.
1.- Start program. From Start / All Programs / Apen Tech / Process Modelling
V7.3 / Aspen HYSYS , from the desktop ( shortcut) or any other custom location .




It is recommended ( immediately after opening Aspen Hysys ) , establish the
system of units with which he goes to work . At this point , you should also set all
preferences for simulation.

To do this, follow the path: Tools / Preferences

The system of units can be chosen tab : Variables -Aspen Hysys works with the
International System (SI) by default , however , are also available metric and
English systems. -Additionally Can customize units to use by clicking Clone .
2.- Create a new project From the menu bar , go :
File / New / Case or Ctrl -N to open the Simulation window Basis Manager.







3. declare the chemicals involved in the simulation. Therefore, in the Components leaf
Press Add and choose the compounds. You can see the basic properties of each
component by selecting it and View by pressing Component.
You can see the basic properties of each
component by selecting it and clicking
View Component. ( Properties reviews
normal boiling point, physical properties
, transport , thermodynamic ,
correlation coefficients for vapor
pressure, enthalpy , etc.)
4. Choosing the thermodynamic model
Fluid Pkgs allows us to choose the ( the
) model ( s ) Thermodynamic ( s ) to
used in the simulation.
If you have doubt regarding that use thermodynamic models ,
Aspen Hysys includes a wizard to select it. To do this, click
Launch Wizard Properties
5.- Enter the simulation environment To
do this, press the Enter Simulation
Environment button.
Click here
Creating 6.- process flow diagram For this, you use the " Object Palette "



PALETTE OF OBJECTS The Object Palette contains the graphical
representation of all process equipment and other tools of Aspen Hysys . It can
be accessed from the toolbar or press F4 to add the computer , current or
desired tool , click the respective icon ( to select it) , bring the mouse pointer to
intone simulation and click on the place that we want to locate . The palette can
be divided into four sections: 'The first is dedicated to flows of matter (blue arrow
) and energy ( red arrow). 'The second shows the phase separation equipment ,
transferring heat , momentum , and chemical reactors. 'The third sample mass
transfer equipment (distillation , etc.) 'The fourth contains logical tools , tools
for dynamic simulation and control.
7 - declare the conditions of feed streams . Double clicking on the arrow the
properties window to begin reporting data opens .
The entered data is displayed , Blue . The
default values and / or editable are Red and
the values calculated by Aspen Hysys (which
can not be changed ) appear in Black
Aspen Hysys , unlike other simulators , two
kinds of currents is used :

1 Current field (blue arrow )
2 current energy (red arrow)
Flows of matter and energy can be
added in a same way as any icon on
the Object Palette , however , to
avoid the time making connections ,
you usually add them directly from
the properties window of each
equipment / tool ( icon) .
8. - define operating parameters for each team. These are generally available
data ( operating conditions ) , are entered into the computer properties window ,
which is accessed by double clicking the icon or by right clicking Wiew selecting
Properties .











9. - process specifications ( design specifications ) Is related to the results that
are desired and conditions that must be met necessarily to achieve them. This is
Product Specifications , technical specification ASTM standards equipment, etc
9. - Generate the report and / or final report. The results of the simulation for
each current or team can be seen in the same properties window each . The
overall results of the simulation (balance of matter and energy ) can be see in
the Workbook
For all results ( in PDF format) ,
such as : Specification sheet for
each team , material balances ,
energy, etc. You must follow the
path: Tools / Reports / edit /
insert data sheet / ...
The choice of thermodynamic models to be used in a simulation is perhaps the
most important task to achieve optimal results .

Therefore, if you have questions about which model to use , Aspen Hysys
includes a wizard to perform this important task , which can be accessed by
clicking Launch Wizard Properties tab of the setup window the fluid package .
Previously it was necessary to stop a good time to analyze and decide that
thermodynamic model used , therefore, was a common practice to review a book
of thermodynamics and / or follow recommended by authors of scientific articles.
Today, thanks to Assistant - Property Package Selection , you can save a lot of
time and effort.


In any case , you can access the help window for a detailed description of each
of the thermodynamic models he works with this simulator
Finally , when required , it is advisable to employ decision trees, such as
suggesting Elliott and Lira (1999) *
*Elliott and Lira (1999). Introduction to Chemical Engineering
Thermodynamics, Prentice Hall, 1999.
We begin with applications
!!!

Example 1 : For a closed system , in which an
equimolar mixture of ethanol - water at equilibrium
at 40 C and with a vaporized fraction is 0.3 ; is to
be determined : The pressure of the system and
what are the compositions of ethanol / water are
in liquid and vapor phases ?. Create a new case,
using NRTL as Fluid Pakgs . Create a stream and
assign the data indicated . - The pressure is
estimated immediately (automatically ) - View the
compositions in compositions .
Results: Pressure: P = 16.45 kPa
compositions:
COMPONENTES FRACCIN MOLAR
F. Lquida
Etanol 0.63721

0.441196
Agua 0.36279 0.558804
NOTE : It is known as a static equilibrium condition, where , over time , there
occurs any change in the macroscopic properties of the system, which implies a
balance of all the potential that may cause change.



THE FAMOUS RULE STAGE ( phase equilibrium ) To describe the equilibrium
state of a Various "closed system" of several phases and must know the
chemical species number of independent intensive variables defining the system
. For this number , the phase rule applies : L = F + C- 2; where L is the number of
independent intensive variables ( degrees of freedom ), C the number of
components chemical system and F the number of phases present in the system







source: Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics . J. M. Smith , H.
C. Van Ness , M. M. Abbott. McGraw Hill . Seventh edition, 2007 .
GENERALIZATION OF THE PHASE RULE In general , to start solving the
mathematical models the number of independent equations must equal the
number of variables and / or unknown parameters . Since the number of
variables and / or parameters is almost always greater than the number of
independent equations ( available ) , you need to give values to a group of
variables to the model to be solved. The number of variables and / or parameters
set is known as degrees of freedom of the system or model .

ND = NV - NE where : ND : Number of degrees of freedom NV : Number of
variables NE : Number of independent equations Nor is it to give values to any
variable and / or parameter. In a real system variables normally have value ( are
fixed ) are those corresponding to the input currents and can be intensive
(composition , pressure, temperature , etc.) or extensive ( flows of matter , heat )
. The parameters may be : size of the equipment , number of steps , etc.
Analysis of Current An actual current and different phases may contain
no necessarily be homogeneous , for analyzing the real or physical currents
must be broken into lines homogeneous phase currents .




In a homogeneous phase stream and C components can define following
variables: Intensive : molar fractions (X1, X2 , X3, ......., XC)

C pressure 1 Temperature
1 Extensive : Stream 1
molar Variables of a stream : NV = C + 3


The only equation is the sum of molar fractions equal to 1 : ( Xi = 1) Degrees of
Freedom : ND = C + 2 Then: For a homogeneous phase current is fully specified
(you know all about it ) will need to set ( add value ) to C + 2 variables.
Example 2: Estimate the highest pressure and
temperature that may be vapor-liquid equilibrium of
the mixture of 60 % C1 , 20 % C2 , 10% C3 , 5 % n -
C4 and 5 % n - C5 . [ Hougen et al. "
Thermodynamics " , p.420 ] In addition . Develop
equilibrium diagram P -T Create a new case, using
the model of Lee- Kessler- Plocker as Fluid
Package. Create a stream and assign the indicated
composition and molar flow either .
This causes no problem, since the properties are intensive compute
In Tools / Utilities / Envelope utilities select current
and click ok See P , T maxims : Design / Critical
Values / Maxima See graph : Performance / Plots :
Envelope Type PT
Resultados:
Pmax= 121.1 bar, Tmax= 70.04 C
Example 3: For the data of the previous problem , develop a profile of density,
heat capacity , etc. depending on the temperature .
Since the current to estimate the properties is already
defined ( above problem ) . From Tools / Utilities ,
select Property Table List utilities available ( Available
Utilities) and click the Add Utility button. 'In
Conections set the current for which are to estimate
the properties ( stream Select button) and specify the
independent variables (Vapour Fracc. , Temperature ) -
In Dep.Prop specify the dependent variables.
Finally click on Calculate and see the results in
Performance.
Results: Density profile
Example 4: A hydrocarbon distillate ( = 43.7 lb / ft3 , MW = 120 ) is carried at
70 F and 200 psig . For purposes of design of piping and equipment , you want
to know the transport properties (Cp , thermal conductivity , viscosity, etc.) of said
mixture.
Create a new case , create pseudo -
component and add it to the Components list.
Using the equation of PR as Fluid Pkgs . Enter
the simulation environment , create and
declare their current conditions (P , T). The
properties are calculated in the Properties
sheet.
NOTE : Creating Pseudocomponetes When you have a mixture of chemical
compounds, of which the exact composition is not known , but if you are also
provided values such as density, viscosity, apparent molecular weight, etc.
Declaring that information , Aspen Hysys can " establish" a layer
pseudocomponent it adequately represent the thermodynamic behavior,
transport , etc. of said mixture. The software uses correlations according to the
type declared ( solid, hydrocarbon, alcohol, etc. ) to estimate how all other
"properties" precisely as possible compound.
In the Components tab of the Basis Manager
Simuation window , and click the Add button. Selected
tab in the popup window ( HYSYS Component List
View) , select Hypothetical list below and click the Add
Component Manger Hypo button. In the popup
window, click the Add button to open the sale
HypoGroup . In HypoGroup window , click Add Hypo,
then click the View tab to open and declare
Hypo20000 available information. Finally Click the
Estimate Unknown Props button.
Example 5 : Create a stream of matter containing only water with the following
conditions: Flowrate : 100 kgmole / h Pressure : 1 atm Steam / Phase Fraction :
1.00

1.- What is the temperature of the system ? Repeat the above procedure by
replacing the pressure at 150 C
2.- What is the pressure of the system? For P = 4 atm ,
3.- At what temperature should the water to have a quality of 40 %. ?

CASO

PROPIEDAD

Valor Unidad
1 211.9

F

2 0.252

atm
3 291.3 F
MIXER (MIXER )


The mixer combines multiple streams of feed material (at different
thermodynamic conditions ) to produce a single output stream , which pair
rigorously calculates the temperature , enthalpy , pressure , composition of the
output current, or of any of the currents entrance .


Example 6 The line of light distillates two primary columns operating in parallel
are joined before entering the storage tank. Obviously , their compositions and
properties are not equal. Additionally, because of the different paths , the
pressures and temperatures at the time of joining , are different. Determining the
properties of the current resulting from the mixture . Use the following
information: Components n - C5 n -C6 n - C7 n - C8 n - C9 -C10 n P ( psi ) T (
F) GPM Current 1 ( % mass ) 5.0 10.0 25.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 30.0 100 20 Current 2
(mass% ) 6.0 11.0 24.0 31.0 20.0 8.0 24.0 90 22
Create a new case , declare components , using the SRK equation as Fluid Pkgs
. Enter the simulation environment to set the PFD .

Assign the composition , pressure , flow and temperature at the inlet streams .
Sign mixer properties window and make connections in the Design tab ,
Conections sheet.
View results on the Worksheet.
FLASH DISTILLATION ( INSTANT ) These units can also be used to simulate
chemical reactors .
Example 7 1 kmol / hr of a stream containing benzene ( 40 % mol) , toluene (30%
mol) and o- xylene (30% mol) at 373 K and 1 atm is subjected to adiabatic flash
distillation . Determining the flow and composition of the fluid current and
generated steam . Disparaging pressure drop in the reservoir.
Create a new case , declare components , using the
SRK equation as Fluid Pkgs . Enter the simulation
environment to set the PFD . Assign the composition ,
pressure , flow and temperature at the inlet stream .
Resultados:
COMPONENTES Mole fraction
F.LQUIDA F.VAPOR
Benzene
0.2117 0.4956
Toluene
0.2925 0.3038
O-Xylene
0.4958 0.2006
Flujo (kgmol/H)
0.3368 0.6632