ISOMERASE ENZYME

10412002 Halida Balebi

10412003 Rohmah Nasada Tuita
10412013 Qonita Afinanisa
10412016 Fadilla Zahra Putri
10412020 Ruli Fatmawati
10412021 Faizah Khoirunnisaa
10412023 Ratna Eka Putri
10412025 Nurhayati Abdullah



Enzyme Classification Based on
International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
EC 1 : Oxydoreductase
EC 2 : Transferase
EC 3 : Hidrolase
EC 4 : Lyase
EC 5 : Isomerase
EC 6 : Ligase


ISOMERASES
The fifth class of enzyme that catalyze structural changes within
a molecule. There is only one substrate and one product with
nothing gained or lost, so they represent only a change in shape.

Isomers have the same molecular formula but differ in their
structural formula. These differences can change the chemical
properties of the molecule.
EC (Enzyme Commission) number: scheme by numeric
nomenclature based on catalyzed reaction, consist of 4 digit
number
5.x.y.z


5 : isomerase enzyme
x: subclass (based on type isomerism)
y: sub- subclass (based on type of substrate)
z: enzyme sequence







TRIVIAL NAME
(SUBSTRATE) (ISOMERASE/TYPE OF ISOMERASE)
.
X
(subclass)
Y
(sub-sub class)
Z
(enzyme
sequence)
Contoh
5.1
Racemases
and
epimerases
(racemization
and
epimerization
of a centre of
chirality)
5.1.1
amino acids and derivatives
5.1.1.1-
5.1.1.18

EC 5.1.1.3
glutamate racemase
5.1.2
hydroxy acids and derivatives
1-6

EC 5.1.2.6
isocitrate epimerase
5.1.3
carbohydrates and
derivatives
1-23

EC 5.1.3.21
maltose epimerase
5.1.99
other compounds
1-5

EC 5.1.99.2
16-hydroxysteroid epimerase
5.2
cis-trans-
Isomerases
5.2.1
enzymes that rearrange the geometry
at double bonds (cis-trans isomerases)
5.2.1.1-
5.2.1.10
EC 5.2.1.1
malat isomerase


X
(subclass)
Y
(sub-sub class)
Z
(enzyme
sequence)
Contoh
3
Intramolecular
oxidoreductase
s
1
Interconverting in the sugar series,
aldoses and ketoses, and related
compounds (sugar isomerases)
1-28

EC 5.3.1.5
D-xylose aldose-ketose isomerase
2
catalysing a keto-enol equilibrium
1-2

EC 5.3.2.1
Phenylpyruvate keto-enol isomerase
3
enzymes shifting a carbon-carbon
double bond from one
position to another
1-15

EC 5.3.3.8
dodecenoyl-CoA isomerase
4
enzymes transposing S-S bonds
1 EC 5.3.4.1
protein disulfide-isomerase
99
a group of miscellaneous enzymes
1-9

EC 5.3.99.9
neoxanthin synthase
4
Intramolecular
transferases
1
acyl group
1-2 EC 5.4.1.1
Lysolecithin 2,3-acylmutase
2
phospho group
1-10 EC 5.4.2.1
D-phopoglycerate 2,3 phospomutase
3
amino group
1-10 EC 5.4.3.6
tyrosine 2,3-aminomutase
4
hydroxy group
1-3 EC 5.4.4.3
3-(hydroxyamino)phenol mutase
99
Other group
1-18 EC 5.4.99.11
isomaltulose synthase
X
(subclass)
Y
(sub-sub class)
Z
(enzyme sequence)
contoh
5
Intramolecuar lyase
1
Berdasarkan waktu
ditemukan
1-16 EC 5.5.1.5
3-carboxy-2,5-
dihydro-5-oxofuran-
2-acetate lyase
99
Other isomerase
1
Sole subclass of
isomerase that do
not belong in the
other subclasses
1-4 EC 5.99.1.3
DNA topoisomerase

EC 5.1.1.1
Accepted name: alanine racemase
IUBMB name : EC 5.1.1.1
Reaction: L-alanine D-alanine
Other name(s): L-alanine racemase
Systematic name: alanine racemase
EC 5. Isomerase
EC 5.1
Racemases and epimerases
EC 5.1.1.
amino acids and derivatives
EC
5.1.1.1
Alanine racemase
Mechanism Reaction
EC 5.2.1.1
Accepted name: maleat isomerase
IUBMB name : EC 5.2.1.1
Reaction: maleate fumarate
Systematic name: maleat cis-trans-isomerase
EC 5. Isomerase
EC 5.2 Cis Trans Isomerase
EC 5.2.1. Cis trans Isomerase
EC
5.2.1.1
Maleate Isomerase
Mechanism Reaction
Mechanism Reaction
EC 5.3.1.5
Accepted name: Xylose Isomerase
IUBMB name : EC 5.3.1.5
Reaction: D-xylose D-xylulose
D-glucose D-fructose
Other name(s): D-xylose isomerase; D-xylose ketoisomerase; D-xylose ketol-isomerase
Systematic name: D-xylose aldose-ketose-isomerase

EC 5. Isomerase
EC 5.3
Intramolecular
oxidoreductases
EC 5.3.1.
Interconverting aldoses and
ketoses, and related
compounds
EC
5.3.1.5
Xylose isomerase
Mechanism Reactions
1. Isomerization proceeds via
a hydride-shift mechanism.
enzyme binds the closed
form of its sugar substrate
(in the case of glucose, only
the alpha anomer)
catalyzes ring opening to
generate open-chain
conformation that is
coordinated to one of the
metal sites
2. Hydrogen transfer is the
rate-determining step for the
enzymes.
Essential histidine
functions to stabilize the
transition state by
hydrogen bonding to the
C5 hydroxyl group of the
substrate,
enabling a metal-catalyzed
hydride shift from C2 to C1.

EC 5.4.2.1

Accepted name: phosphoglycerate mutase
IUBMB name : EC 5.4.2.1
Reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate 3-phospho-D-glycerate
Systematic name: D-phosphoglycerate 2,3- phosphomutase
EC 5.
Isomerase
EC 5.4 Intramolecular transferases
EC 5.4.2. phospho group
EC 5.4.2.1
Maleate
Isomerase
Mechanism Reaction
(a) 3-phosphoglycerate binds to the phosphoenzyme.
(b) Transfering the phosphoryl group to the substrate forms the
intermediate 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate. The enzyme must not
release the intermediate in order to remain active.
(c) 2-phosphoglycerate with phosphoenzyme.
Cronk, J.D. 2012
EC 5.5.1.7

Accepted name: chloromuconate cycloisomerase
IUBMB name : EC 5.5.1.7
Reaction: 2-chloro-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconate
Other name(s): muconate cycloisomerase II
Systematic name : 2-chloro-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate lyase (decyclizing)
EC 5.
Isomerase
EC 5.5 Intramolecular lyases
EC 5.5.X.
Intramolecular lyases (only
sub-subclass identified to
date)
EC 5.5.1.7
Chloromuconate
cycloisomerase
Mechanism Reaction
Chloromuconate cycloisomerase converts 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconate to cis-
dienelactone (cis-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide by either
dehydrohalogenation of 4-chloromuconolactone or, more directly, by chloride
elimination from the enol/enolate intermediate
EC 5.99
(Other isomerases)

This subclass contains
miscellaneous enzymes in
a single sub-subclass (EC
5.99.1).
Examples : thiocyanate
isomerase, DNA
topoisomerase, 2-
hydroxychromene-2-
carboxylate isomerase


References
Chanitnun, K., Pinphanichakarn, P. 2012. Glucose(xylose) isomerase production by
Streptomyces sp. CH7 grown on agricultural residues. Braz. J. Microbiol., 43(3) : 1 7
Cronk, J.D. 2012. Phosphoglycerate Mutase.
http://guweb2.gonzaga.edu/faculty/cronk/biochem/P-
index.cfm?definition=phosphoglycerate_mutase. Diakses pada tanggal 16 September
2014.
Lee, C. Y., Bagdasarian, M., Meng, M. H., Zeikus, J. G. 1990. Catalytic mechanism of xylose
(glucose) isomerase from Clostridium thermosulfurogenes. Characterization of the
structural gene and function of active site histidine.J Biol Chem, 265 (31):19082-90
http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_With_a_Biological_Em
phasis/Chapter_14%3A_Reactions_with_stabilized_carbanion_intermediates_II/Section
_14.4%3A_Pyridoxal_phosphate_-_an_electron_sink_cofactor
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC5/
http://www.enzyme-database.org/downloads/ec5.pdf
Setiyabudi, L. 2008. Analisis Komputasi, Isolasi, Ekspresi, Purifikasi, dan Karakterisasi
Triosephosphate Isomerase dari Trypanosoma cruzi Strain Ninoa.
http://old.analytical.chem.itb.ac.id/coursesdata/96/moddata/forumtt/13/456/EC._5.3.1.
1_TPI_10505090_LuluSetiyabudi.doc. Diakses 16 September 2014