PATTERN AND OBJECT PERCEPTION

Two aspects have been emphasized

A ) The DIRECTION of processing
Bottom-up processing, and
Top - down processing

B) The BASIC UNITS of pattern/ object
perception several models have
been proposed.
A) DIRECTION of processing :
1. BOTTOM-UP PROCESSING -
Information is processed by being passed
on from a lower to a higher level of
processing.
Processing occurs in one direction, with
no reversal : whatever happens in one
stage cannot be changed by
subsequent processing.
This kind of processing does not take
into account the role of context,
expectations, and generalized concepts
2. TOP-DOWN PROCESSING
Information is processed by being
passed on from a higher (conceptual) to
a lower level.
The higher level represents concepts
and expectations that are based on
past experience and learning.

In general, pattern / objection perception
involves a combination of top-down
and bottom-up processing.
One is not better or worse than the
other.



B) BASIC UNITS : Common models proposed
Template matching
Prototype matching
Featural analysis
Template matching different components
of the pattern are perceived and stored
in the form of TEMPLATES (which act like
stencils).
Incoming patterns are matched against
these templates.

Prototype- matching
Storage is in the form of prototypes
an idealized representation of some class
of objects or events.
It is a collective representation of the
pattern / object that is stored, and not a
representation of every single
characteristic of the pattern/ object.
Incoming patterns are matched against
these prototypes.

Prototype- matching
Storage is in the form of prototypes
an idealized representation of some class
of objects or events.
It is a collective representation of the
pattern / object that is stored, and not a
representation of every single
characteristic of the pattern/ object.
Incoming patterns are matched against
these prototypes.

The Geon Model (Biederman)
Geon = GEOmetric iON
When viewing patterns/ objects, the
perceiver breaks them down into
simpler geometric components (geons).
Geons exist in a fixed number and forms
- serve as the basis for recognizing a
large number of stimuli.
3-dimensional : each geon creates a
unique pattern of visual stimulation-
this forms the basis of pattern/ object
recognition.

The Pandemonium model - Selfridge.
Patterns/ objects are viewed in terms of
feature detectors called demons.
Different kinds of demons operate at
different hierarchical levels e.g.

Decision demons (Highest level)

Cognitive demons (Still higher level)

Feature demons (next higher level)

Image demons (lower-most level)

. The Pandemonium model - Selfridge.
Patterns/ objects are viewed in terms of
feature detectors called demons.
Different kinds of demons operate at
different hierarchical levels e.g.

Decision demons (Highest level)

Cognitive demons (Still higher level)

Feature demons (next higher level)

Image demons (lower-most level)


The Pandemonium Model (Selfridge)
Decision
demons
Cognitive -------------
demons
Feature
demons
Image
demons
A
( )
A B C Z
Pick me,
its an A
really
Its a
B
Its a
C
Its a Z
?
A