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EXTERIOR

FINISHES







(PAINT , POLISH , WALLPAPER & VARNISH)
PRATIKSHA SINGH
KAPIL SRIVASTAVA
DEVOJYOTI BANARJEE

TYPES OF FINISHES

Fax Finish-a French term meaning a false finish. This finish can be made to look
like brick, stone, marble, granite, wood grain, leather, crackled paint, rusted iron, or
verdigris and much more.

Trompe L'Oeil -meaning "trick the eye" in French, is a painting technique that
depicts actual objects to look as if they are real. This technique utilizes principles of
light and shadow to make the subject look three dimensional.

Texturing Compound-is manufactured by many different companies. However,
there are specific types for different applications. If we are going to add texture the
your walls, then we need to make sure that it is compatible with the surface material
we are applying it to.
There are endless design patterns that can be created.



Sand, Pebbles, Glass, Artifacts-to give an artistic quality to your interior wall
finish. Get creative and be artistic! One of a kind walls can be created by just
using your imagination.

Pigment-If you are looking for a true Old World textured wall, an easy way to
achieve it is to add pigmentation to your compound. Once it's put on the wall
with a trowel and let dry, either a glaze, or a wax is used to seal and age the wall.

Brick or Stone-Solid or veneers, both make a beautiful interior wall finish, but
will need to be installed properly to last.


TYPES OF FINISHES

The final step in the completion of a wall surface is to add
the interior wall finish. There are so many options to
choose from. Following are several choices to consider for
interior wall finish:

Paint-is available in all types of colors and it even
comes textured. There two basic types of paints for
interior wall finish: oil based and water based.
1. Water based paint is usually less toxic and cleans up
much easier. You can choose between flat, eggshell,
satin, semi-gloss and gloss finishes. The glossier
finishes wash and wear better than a flat paint, but you
will end up with a shinier wall. The eggshell finish has
almost no sheen and washes much better than a flat
paint.
2. Oil based paint, especially on trim, will usually wear
longer and wash better than water based paints.


DISTEMPER

Distemper is an early form of whitewash, also used as a medium for
artistic painting, usually made from powdered chalk or lime and size (a
gelatinous substance). Alternatives to chalk include the toxic substance,
white lead.

This is perhaps the most economical type of painting available in the
Indian market today. It can be classified as a "Whitewash" job. The major
constituents of distemper are chalk, lime, water and some coloring agents
if necessary. Distemper is a water based paint.

Distempered surfaces can be easily marked and discolored, and cannot
be washed down, so distemper is best suited to temporary and interior
decoration. The technique of painting on distempered surfaces blends
watercolors with whiting and glue.

EMULSIONS

This type of paint is also water based and provides a rich and Matt finish
to interior walls. The differentiating factor of emulsion paints is its
acrylic quality. Its composition imparts excellent durability to the
painted surface and gives the walls a just painted look. It is washable
and most stains can be removed easily by wiping with a cloth dipped in a
mild soap solution. The paint film is also fungus and mildew resistant.

Solvent based paints(Lustre/Enamel)

Solvent based paints - Lustre paints, Enamel paints and oil paints all
come under the category of solvent based paints. They cannot be pre-
mixed with water. Oil based paints take a longer time to dry and often
produce strong odors which are irritating and sometimes even toxic in
nature. The advantage with these paints is that they really last long and
produce rich and desiring effects on the wall.


















FUNCTIONAL PAINTS

Functional paints are not just decorative paints, they have specific
functions like eliminating insects, bacteria, fungus or dust mites.
Functional paints have an in-built, safe and non-toxic mechanism to
humans but fatal to insects, fungus, bacteria or Dustmites.
Artilin is one such company which manufactures functional paints.

TYPES OF FINISHES

Paints, when dried on the surface, produce films with varying degree of
sheen.
This ranges from Matt finishes which have no sheen, to high gloss
finishes.
Matte finish has the lowest level of gloss.
Egg Shell or Satin- This finish has silk like gloss, explains the name Satin
finish. Semi-Gloss-This finish has more gloss than a satin finish.
Glossy-This is the finish with highest level of gloss
APPLICATION TECHNIQUES

Paint can be applied as a gaseous suspension (aerosol) or a
liquid. Techniques vary depending on the practical or
artistic results desired.

As a gas or as a gaseous suspension, the paint is suspended in
solid or liquid form in a gas that is sprayed on an object. The
paint sticks to the object. The reasons for doing this include:
1. the application mechanism is air and thus no solid object ever
touches the object being painted;
2. the distribution of the paint is very uniform so there are no
sharp lines
3. it is possible to deliver very small amounts of paint or to paint
very slowly;
4. a chemical (typically a solvent) can be sprayed along with the
paint to dissolve together both the delivered paint and the
chemicals on the surface of the object being painted;
In the liquid application, paint can be applied by direct application
using brushes, paint rollers, blades, other instruments, or body
parts
1. Generally, roller application takes two coats for even color. A
roller with a thicker nap is used to apply paint on uneven
surfaces. Edges are often finished with an angled brush.
After liquid paint is applied, there is an interval during which it can
be blended with additional painted regions (at the "wet edge")
called "open time. Latex and acrylic emulsions require the use of
drying retardants suitable for water-based coatings.

Wall papers are common material for interior design,
wallpaper is a paper material that can be used to beautify the interior walls of
rooms, houses, and offices. Wallpapers are available in all home improvement
stores and are sold in rolls. People can choose between plain wallpaper, which
can be painted afterward, or pre-printed ones with patterns and designs.

APPLICATION TECHNIQUES

The proper installation of wallpapers is crucial to avoid imperfections. While
they are beautiful, a flaw in the installation is easily highlighted. Flaws include
tears, misaligned patterns, air bubbles, and stains.

1. The first step is to prepare the wall itself. Arguably, this is the most
important step. The wall should be completely smooth, otherwise bumps
and crevices will show through the paper. Too make sure that the wall is dry
and clean. If the wall is wet, it will reduce the stickiness of the wallpaper
paste since the adhesive is usually water based. For the same reason, the
wall should also be clean.

1. You will want the paper to hang straight. Therefore, divide the wall into
sections. It would be easier for you if you would mark the divisions with a
pencil. The mark will serve as a guide.
2. Measure each section so you would know the amount of wallpaper you need.
Cut the paper to the right size according to the measurements. It would be
wise to add a few inches to the measurement to ensure that no bare space
would show.
3. Put the first strip on top of the wall. Apply the glue to each subsection as you
work your way down. If the wallpaper you are using has a self-adhesive
backing, peel back the wax paper little by little. As you work your way down,
get rid of any air bubbles by pressing the paper firmly against the wall. Try to
keep the paper straight until you reach the bottom.
4. When you start working on the adjacent section, make sure the fleur de lis
wall art symbols align with those of the previously installed section. By
aligning them, the wall design will have a seamless, natural look.
5. Once the sections are installed and dry, remove hand stains by wiping the
wallpaper with a damp cloth, followed by a dry cloth.
Varnishes

Varnish is a transparent, hard, protective finish or film primarily used in wood
finishing but also for other materials. Varnish is traditionally a combination of a
drying oil, a resin, and a thinner or solvent. Varnish finishes are usually glossy but
may be designed to produce satin or semi-gloss sheens by the addition of "flatting"
agents. Varnish has little or no colour, is transparent, and has no added pigment.
Varnishes are also applied over wood stains as a final step to achieve a film for gloss
and protection.
After being applied, the film-forming substances in varnishes either harden
directly, as soon as the solvent has fully evaporated, or harden after evaporation of
the solvent through certain curing processes, primarily chemical reaction between
oils and oxygen from the air (autoxidation) and chemical reactions between
components of the varnish. Resin varnishes "dry" by evaporation of the solvent and
harden almost immediately upon drying. Acrylic and waterborne varnishes "dry"
upon evaporation of the water but experience an extended curing period. The
drying and curing time of all varnishes may be sped up by exposure to an energy
source such as sunlight, ultraviolet light, or heat. Many varnishes rely on organic
solvents, or on organic oils or resins for their binder; these are highly flammable in
their liquid state.


Components of classic varnish

Drying oil examples are linseed level oil, tung oil and walnut oil. These contain high
levels of poly unsaturated fatty acids.

Resin - types used in varnishes include amber, kauri gum, dammar ,copal, pine resin,
sandarac, balsam, elemi.

Turpentine oil or solvent

Types of varnishes

Violin
Resin
Shellac
Alkyd
Spar varnish
Drying oils
Polyurethane
Lacquer
Acrylic

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