Introd

Explanation Essay
Types
of
Essays
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
are descriptive essays that
examine a process, event, or
idea and explain how it works
or what it is.
the simple present tense is
used
start an explanation essay by
giving the readers some
general information about the
in the introductory paragraph.
Introduction
Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
Essay writing is a very basic
skill which should be learned
There are many types of
essay genres
Narration
Description
Evaluation
Explanation Essay
Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
To make the work easier,
apply the following questions
to your thesis statement:
What/Who?
Why?
What for?
When?
How?
Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
Structures for body of
essay
Temporal sequential
A cake recipe
Cyclical
The formation of rainfall
Cause and effects
Why traffic jams are common in
big cities
Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
Practice
Explain the life cycle of a butterfly.
One very important issue
surrounding families today is the
issue of working mothers. Women
should not be allowed to work until
their children are at least 12 years
old. Discuss.
Explain the cause of youth
unemployment and the effect it has
upon young people.


.
Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
China in the 21st century is
committed to strengthening
exchange and cooperation with
countries around the world.
What are the historical and
political factors which have led
this policy shift and what will be
the possible economic
consequences?
Explain the four seasons which
occur in many parts of the world.

Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
Answer
Temporal sequential
Cause and effects
Cause and effects
Cause and effects
Cyclical



Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
ARGUMENTATION
ESSAY
Persuading reader to accept
your arguments through facts
and well supported ideas
After reading the topic and
underline the key words, state
your stand (for or against) in the
thesis statement
Back up your arguments well
Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
By taking the opposing
side for a moment;
By doing thorough
research on the topic;
By discussing the topic
with a friend.
Anticipate counter-
arguments
Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
An introduction (one
paragraph);
Three arguments that
support the thesis (three
paragraphs);
A conclusion (one
paragraph)
Layout of essays
Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
Pattern 1:
Thesis statement:
PRO idea 1
PRO idea 2
CON(s) + Refutation(s)
Conclusion
Organizational Patterns
Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
Pattern 2:
Thesis statement:
CON(s) + Refutation(s)
PRO idea 1
PRO idea 2
Conclusion
Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
Pattern 3:
Thesis statement:
CON idea 1 -----> Refutation
CON idea 2 -----> Refutation
CON idea 3 -----> Refutation
Conclusion
Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
When pointing out
opposing arguments
(CONs):
Opponents of this idea
claim / maintain that
Those who disagree / are
against these ideas may
say / assert that
Some people may disagree
with this idea.
Language used
Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
When stating specifically
why they think like that:
The put forward this idea
because
They claim that since

Reaching the turning
point:
However,
but
On the other hand,
Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
Example of refuting
Some people may say that
adolescents should not leave university
education because they are not
physically and psychologically mature
enough to cope with the problems of
the real world. However, they forget one
fact: adolescents can vote or start
driving at the age of 18 (in some
countries even before that age!), which
proves that they are considered
physically and psychologically mature
at that age
Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
DISCUSSION ESSAY
Presenting both sides of the
issue and let the readers decide
for themselves which side of the
fence they want to be on.
Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
Types of Evidence
fact
statistics
Quotes
Credible
sources
Opinion
of expert
Experts
in
discipline
Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
anecdotes
Humour
Short
interesting
accounts
examples
Representative
of whole group
Charts and
diagrams
Clarify concepts
Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
accuracy
Current,
reliable and
unbiased
Relevant
facts
Sufficient
facts
Arrangement of
facts
(general
specific)
Introd
Explanation Essay
Argumentation
Essay
Discussion Essay
Supporting
Evidence
Logical Fallacies
Logical Fallacies
A logical fallacy is an error of
reasoning due to assumptions,
popular beliefs etc
Everyone else is doing it. Why shouldn't you?
This is the way we've always done it.
Therefore, it is the right way
When the rooster crows, the sun
rises. Therefore, the rooster causes the sun to
rise.
Your friend is a thief. Therefore, I cannot trust
you
You can't possibly understand menopause
because you are a man
Equivocation
Begging the Question
False Dichotomy
Red Herring
Straw Man
Appeal to Ignorance
Appeal to Pity
Ad Hominem and Tu Quoque
Ad Populum
Appeal to Authority
Weak Analogy
Slippery Slope
Post hoc (False Cause)
Missing the Point
Hasty Generalisation
Types
Of
Fallacies
PE grades unfairly lower
the GPAs of some good
students
1. Physical fitness is a critical part of
education: "A sound mind in a sound body."
2. Students should
exercise on their own time,
not for credit.
2. Students need an occasional break from
lectures, textbook, and exams.
3. School is for study, not
play.
3. A few hours of PE courses never hurt
anybody.
4. One gym course can't
turn a poor athlete into a
good one.
4. What good is improving your mind if
your body is going to pieces?
Do taxpayers realize that
they are paying for
students to bowl and play
badminton?
PE courses teach some valuable social
skills.
PE courses can be
dangerous.
students enjoy taking PE courses.