Elementos de ligao

(advrbios/conjunes)
Palavras que unem frases e ideias. Podem indicar:
Adio:
This study has some obvious limitations. For example, a cross-
sectional design does not allow causal relationships to be firmly
established. Furthermore, participation in this study was
voluntary and, as a result, there may have been a selection bias.
The study utilized a new method of categorizing adherence called
group-based trajectory modeling which is based upon observed
patterns of medication filling over time. This method allows
researchers to more accurately capture and describe adherence
compared to techniques that simply classify patients as adherent
or not, using average levels of adherence. In addition, the
trajectory patterns that are created should allow for more targeted
interventions to address non-adherence.

Elementos de ligao
(advrbios/conjunes)
The inclusion of pharmacists as part of a multidisciplinary team
can assist in appropriate prescribing, as well as in the
implementation of standard operating procedures and evidence-
based guidelines to be used in the Emergency Department,
amongst other tasks.
Stigmas regarding this disease exist not only within the general
population and health care industry, but are also issues HIV/AIDS
patients struggle with internally.

and
(e)
Furthermore,
In addition,
Moreover,
Besides,
(Alm disso,)
In addition
to...
As well as...
(alm de)
also
too
as well
(tambm)
both... and
(tanto... quanto)
not only... but
also
(no apenas...
mas tambm)
Elementos de ligao
(advrbios/conjunes)
Contraste:
Thirty-six medical conditions, corresponding to 36 omitted drugs,
were encountered where a patient was suffering from a condition
but was not receiving medications to manage the condition.
Poor adherence to prescribed medication regimens is a common,
complex problem that can greatly affect the treatment outcome,
even making the best therapy ineffective. According to the
literature, the prevalence of non-adherence (NA) is 30-50% on
average, irrespective of the disease, the study setting, or the
method of measurement. However, despite the fact that NA is the
most common cause of poor medication treatment outcomes,
knowledge about the reasons for NA is still lacking.
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(advrbios/conjunes)


Nineteen percent of the patients told that generic substitution
should be initiated by the first prescription, while 12% thinks
it is relevant for a prescription refill. On the other hand,
pharmacists opinions were as follows: Generic substitution
may be performed in new prescriptions 30%, prescription
refills 13%, in any prescription 33%, other 12%, no idea 3%.
Although generic prescribing by physicians, in principle, is
promoted in most countries, the extent to which this is put to
practice varies significantly as do monitoring and prescribing
audit by health insurance companies.

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(advrbios/conjunes)


One problem, which has already been pointed out in the
result section, is the numerous statistical tests performed. In
all, 11 outcomes were analysed and many variables were
included in the separate multivariate analyses. This means
that some of the statically significant findings could occur by
chance rather than due to a true relationship.
As of the end of 2008, an estimated 1.2 million persons, 13
years of age and older, in the United States were infected and
living with HIV, while 20% had HIV but were unaware of their
status.
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(advrbios/conjunes)


In contrast to Canada or the US, where the majority of the
reports come from pharmacists, some countries, such as
France, Ireland, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Nordic countries,
and in the UK, have the largest contribution of Adverse Drug
Reaction reports coming from physicians.
Thirty one and 32 % of the pharmacists and prescribers,
respectively, expressed that they believed that the generics did
not differ from the original drugs, whereas only 24% of the
patients believed so
Elementos de ligao
(advrbios/conjunes)


but
(mas)
Yet, / Still,
Nevertheless,
Despite / In spite
of...
(apesar disso,/
apesar de...)
Although,
though...
(embora)
On the one hand
(Por um lado)

On the other hand
(Por outro lado)
However,
(Entretanto,)
rather than...
instead of...
(ao invs de.../
em vez de...)
while
whereas
(enquanto)
In contrast
[to/with]
Unlike...
Different from...
(ao contrrio de...)
Elementos de ligao
(advrbios/conjunes)


Causa/Consequncia:
The drugstore was responsible for making enough copies so
that each pharmacist could complete his or her own survey.
This study analyzed information from pharmacists working
within the cities of Tucson, Marana and Oro Valley and results
may not be generalizable to pharmacists in other geographic
locations. The compiled list of all the pharmacies in the
geographic location did not include independent pharmacies,
so the study cannot be generalized to other pharmacy types.
All of the prescriptions for antibiotics (except two) did not
specify the duration of therapy and therefore were considered
inappropriate.
Elementos de ligao
(advrbios/conjunes)


Apart from inappropriate duration, prescriptions for antibiotics
were also considered as inappropriate since some of them did not
fulfill one or more of the MAI (Medication Appropriateness
Index) criteria.
so
(por isso)
Therefore, / Thus,
Because of [this/that],
For [this/that] reason,
Consequently,
As a result,
(Portanto,)
since
(visto que)

because
(porque)

so that
(a fim de que)
Elementos de ligao
(advrbios/conjunes)


Tempo:
Of students who had shared or knew of shared prescription
medications, 50% reported sharing of pain medications, 38%
reported sharing of amphetamines, and 41% reported sharing
of muscle relaxants. Almost 1 in 6 (15%) of students said they
or a friend had ordered prescription medications over the
Internet without a prescription. Finally, just 18% of students
said their schools had established programs to deal with the
problem of students using prescription drugs as study aids.
Nowadays, people eat more fruits and vegetables than in the
past. They care more about a healthy lifestyle.
88 % of prescribers believed that pharmacists should consult
them before dispensing a generic.
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(advrbios/conjunes)


Pharmacist job satisfaction, or dissatisfaction, plays a major role
in many aspects of community pharmacy practice. An article by
Saari et al. demonstrates that poor job satisfaction is directly
associated with performance, especially for professionals like
pharmacists. These performance problems can include
incorrectly filling prescriptions, not detecting drug interactions
and poor patient counseling. Thus, dissatisfaction may also affect
the way that patients view the pharmacist and patients may then
be inclined limit their interactions with the pharmacist.
Elementos de ligao
(advrbios/conjunes)


First[ly], / To
start with,
(Primeiramente)
Second[ly],
(Em segundo
lugar,)
Then, / Next, /
After that, /
Afterewards,
(A seguir,)
Finally,
(Finalmente)
formerly,
(no passado)

nowadays, /
currently
(atualmente)
before / prior
to...
(antes de)

after...

(depois
que/de)
the former
(o primeiro)

the latter
(o segundo)
when
(quando)

while
(enquanto)
Elementos de ligao
(advrbios/conjunes)


Exemplificao:
Some studies, like ours, found that adverse drug reactions
were a reason for non-adherence in particular amongst
women.
Pharmacists have concerns about generic substitution of
medications in certain classes, such as those with a narrow
therapeutic index.
for example, / for instance, / e.g. / i.e.
(por exemplo)

such as like
(tal como) (como)

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(advrbios/conjunes)


Concluso:
To sum up, Health authorities and reimbursement institutes
should cooperate with pharmacists and prescribers medical
associations for educational programs and promoting the
more rational use of generic drugs.
In short, / In conclusion, / In summary,
/ Finally, / To sum up,
(Finalmente,)
Elementos de ligao
(advrbios/conjunes)


nfase:
It has been shown that women report medical problems more
often than men do, but this should not directly lead to the
conclusion that they actually have more problems since
differences in health reporting behaviour could be
responsible.
As a matter of fact, / In fact, / Actually, /
Indeed,
(De fato, / Na verdade,)
Elementos de ligao
(advrbios/conjunes)


Comparao:
Hypoglycemia may increase the risk of dementia in older
patients with type 2 diabetes, according to the results of a
study published online on June 10, 2013, in JAMA Internal
Medicine. Likewise, dementia patients with type 2 diabetes
are more likely to experience episodes of hypoglycemia.
In the same way, / Likewise, / Similarly,
/ Correspondingly,
(Da mesma forma,)