SAAD AHMED

BE (VI)

Using Analog signals
Listen to handset
Frequency typically 150MHz & above

Poor voice quality
Poor battery life
Large phone size
No security
Frequent call drops
Limited capacity and poor handoff
reliability.
2G phones using global system for mobile communications
(GSM) were first used in the early 1990 s in Europe. GSM provides
voice and limited data services and uses digital modulation for
improved audio quality. Digital AMPS , CDMA were some of the 2G
systems.

FEATURES INCLUDES:

An interim stage that is taken between 2G and
3G that is 2.5G

Features includes:-
o Phone calls/ Fax
o Voice mail
o Send/Receive e-mail messages
o web browsing
o camera phones
o speed: 64-144 kb/sec
o Time to download a 3 min MP3 song: 6-9 min

To meet the growing demand in network capacity, rates required
for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications , 3G
standards started evolving.
It is based on the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards.
3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider
range of more advanced services.
Services include wide-area wireless voice telephony, video-calls and
broadband wireless data , all in a mobile environment.
The data are sent through the technology called
Packet switching.Voice calls are interpreted
through circuit switching.
Phone calls/ fax
Global roaming
Send/receive large email messages
High speed web
Navigation / maps
Video conferencing
TV streaming
Electronic agenda meeting reminder
Speed: 200 kb/sec-2mb/sec
Time to download a 3 min MP3 song:
11 sec-1.5 min


Music is an important mobile
Content category.
Mobiles cant compete with Ipads
True mobility immediate & direct
access to downloadable music,with
no cables or PC.
3G technology has taken the gaming to the next level.

Real-time multiplayer gaming is possible in 3G system.

Innovative new services are being added by developer
daily.

Not simply rebroadcast of TV or website
Enhanced existing service for mobile environment.
Multi-faceted 24*7 access to multiple
live streams , video , image & text
content , voting , messaging.
User interaction on multiple levels.
Fully integrated in browser one click access.
New radio spectrum to relieve overcrowding in
existing systems.
More bandwidth , security & reliability.
Inter-portability between services providers.
High data rates.
Rich multimedia services.
Always online devices.
Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses.
Numerous differences in the licensing terms.
It is a challenge to build the necessary
infrastructure for 3G
Expense of 3G phones .
Lack of buy-in by 2G mobile users for the new 3G
wireless services.
Large cell phones.
Also known as Mobile Broadband Everywhere

One of the terms used to describe 4G is:

Mobile Multimedia
Anytime Anywhere
Global mobility Support
Integrated wireless solution and
Customized personal service.


Faster and more reliable 100 Mbps
Lower cost than previous generations.
Multi-standard wireless system
Bluetooth , Wifi
Coverage of wide area.
Wide Variety of services capability.
IPv6 core
Potentially IEEE standards 802.11
Only packet switching used unlike previous generations.
MIMO(Multiple In Multiple Out) replace CDMA spread spectrum radio
technology.
For the customer
Video streaming , TV broadcast
Video calls , video clips- news , music , sports
Enhanced gaming , chat , location services
For Business
High speed Tele-working / VPN access
Sales force automation
Video conferencing
Real-time financial information

Specifications
3G
4G
Frequency band 1.5- 2.8 GHz 2-8 GHz
Band width
5-20 MHz 5-20 MHz
Data rate
upto 2 Mbps
20 Mbps or more
Access wideband CDMA Multi-carrier-CDMA or
OFDM(TDMA)
FEC Turbo codes concatenated codes
Switching Circuit/ Packet Packet
Top speeds 200kmph 200kmph
High usability: anytime, anywhere and with any technology.
Support for multimedia services at low transmission cost.
Higher bandwidth , tight network security.
The equipment required to implement a next generation
network is still very expensive.
Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to make sure
that expenses are kept realistic.