Reading Rizal

Filipinas and the World

San Diego Central Public Library
Ethnolinguistic
diversity of the
Philippines
Colonial society, 16th-18th
centuries
Barangay, sultanate, tribe

Christian doctrina or mission

Spanish town or pueblo

Spanish aims in the Pacific
Military outpost
protecting New
Spain from
rearguard attack
Territorial conquest
and / or trade with
China and East Asia
Missionary
endeavor
Capitalism and
the birth of
export
agriculture
Caste in Mexico

1. Mestizo: Spanish father and Indian mother
2. Castizo: Spanish father and Mestizo mother
3. Espomolo: Spanish mother and Castizo father
4. Mulatto: Spanish and black African
5. Moor: Spanish and Mulatto
6. Albino: Spanish father and Moor mother
7. Throwback: Spanish father and Albino
mother
8. Wolf: Throwback father and Indian mother
9. Zambiago: Wolf father and Indian mother
10. Cambujo: Zambiago father and Indian
mother
11. Alvarazado: Cambujo father and Mulatto
mother
12. Borquino: Alvarazado father and Mulatto
mother
13. Coyote: Borquino father and Mulatto mother
14. Chamizo: Coyote father and Mulatto mother
15. Coyote-Mestizo: Cahmizo father and Mestizo
mother
16. Ahi Tan Estas: Coyote-Mestizo father and
Mulatto mother
The Age of Empire reflected the ideology that nation-states were in
global competition with one another for the worlds finite natural and
human resources, and that capitalism was to be the dominant
international mode of production.
Noli me tangere touch me
not
Jesus said to her, Dont hold /
touch me, for I have not yet
ascended to my father; but go to
my brothers, and tell them, I am
ascending to my Father and
your Father, to my God and
your God. John 20:17
Noli me tangere in Rizals own
words
It is the first impartial and bold book on
the life of the Tagalogs. The Filipinos
will find in it the history of the last ten
years (1877-1887). Here I answer all
the false concepts which have been
formed against us and all the insults
which have been intended to belittle us.
Fathers and Sons
I ask you first, is there among you any one who has not loved his
father, who has not loved his fathers memory; any one born in shame
and abasement? See, hear this silence! Priest of a God of peace, thy
mouth full of sanctity and religion, thy heart of corruption! Thou canst
not know what it is to be a father; thou shouldst have thought of thy
own! See, in all this crowd that you scorn there is not one like you! You
are judged!

Away from us, and listen, priests, believing yourselves different from
other men, giving yourselves other rights! My father was an honorable
man. Ask the country which venerates his memory. You who are
here, priests, magistrates, have you seen your old father give himself
for you, part from you for your good, die of grief in a prison, looking for
your embrace, looking for consolation from any one who would bring it,
sick, alone; while you in a foreign land? Then have you heard his name
dishonored, found his tomb empty when you went there to pray? No?
You are silent; then you condemn him!
Simoun, destroyer
Yes, I am the one who came thirteen years ago,
ill and heartbroken, to render my homage to a
great and noble soul, who wished to die for me.
Victim of a vicious system Today I have
returned to destroy the system, precipitate its
corruption, push it to the abyss to which it runs
insensate, even if I have to spill torrents of blood
and tears (El filibusterismo, 20).
From the fathers honor to the
laws of nature
[we] will put to the sword not only the counter-
revolutionists but also all the males who refuse
to follow us to arms! It is necessary to renew
the race. Cowardly fathers breed only slavish
sons. Away then with effeminate scruples Let
us follow the eternal laws, assist them, and then
the earth is that much more fecund, the more it is
fertilized with blood! (El filibusterismo, 32).
The world will applaud as it always does, agreeing with the
strongest and most violent. Europe applauded when the
western nations sacrificed millions of natives in America.
Look at North America with its egoistic liberty, its Lynch
law, its political deceptions. Europe applauded when
powerful Portugal despoiled the Moluccas, it applauds when
England destroys primitive races in the Pacific in order to
replace them with its own migrs.
-- Simoun / Crisstomo Ibarra, in El filibusterismo
On Europes response to
revolutionary violence
Padre Florentinos response
You fomented social decay without sowing a single idea. An
immoral government assumes a demoralized people, an
administration without conscience, rapacious and servile citizens in
the towns; bandits and brigands in the mountains! Like master, like
slave; like government, like country (37).