The basic rights and freedoms that all

humans should be guaranteed, such as the

right to life and liberty, freedom of thought
and expression, and equality before the law

All individuals have the right to equality,
equal opportunity, fair treatment and an
environment free of discrimination


Right to DUE PROCESS OF LAW
Right to EQUAL PROTECTION OF THE LAW
Right against UNREASONABLE SEARCHES
AND SEIZURES
Right to ABODE AND TRAVEL
Freedom of RELIGION
Freedom of EXPRESSION
Right against INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE

...a law which hears before it condemns, which
proceed upon an inquiry and renders judgment
only after trial (DARTMOUTH COLLEGE CASE)

DEPRIVATION per se is not unconstitutional.
What is prohibited is deprivation of life, liberty or
property without due process of law. Strike,
but hear me first! (THEMISTOCLES)

LIBERTY is the freedom to do right and never
be wrong (MABINI)

all persons or things similarly situated should
be treated alike, both as to rights conferred and
responsibilities imposed (Ichong vs Hernandez)

The equal protection clause is available to all
persons, natural as well as juridical.

Classification under the equal protection clause
must be SUBSTANTIAL.

The right against unreasonable searches and to the
privacy of communication and correspondences are
available to ALL PERSONS, including aliens, whether
accused of crime or not.

As a rule, a premises may not be searched nor may their
papers and effects seized except by virtue of valid
warrant.

The right against unreasonable searches and seizures is
personal and may be invoked only by the person entitled
to it.

It includes the right to choose ones residence,
to leave it whenever he pleases, and to travel
where he wills.

It can only be limited: (1) upon lawful order of
the court, or (2) whenever necessary in the
interest of the national security, public safety or
public health.
It has two-fold aspect, viz., FREEDOM TO
BELIEVE, and FREEDOM TO ACT ON ONES
BELIEF.

The first one is absolute as long as the belief is
confined within the realm of thought. The second
is subject to regulation where the belief is
translated into external act that affects the public
welfare.

Every citizen has a right to offer his views and suggestions in the
discussion of the common problems of the community.

Freedom of Expression is not absolute. It does not cover ideas
offensive to public order, or decency, or the reputation of the
persons, which are all entitled to the protection by the state.

The CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER RULE, a question of
proximity and degree.

(a) Freedom from previous restraint or censorship, and (b) Freedom
from subsequent punishment



It is a condition of one who is compelled by
force, coercion, or imprisonment, and against
his will, to labor for another, whether he is paid
or not (definition)

Restraint of the individual so he can be
compelled to work for another violates the
constitutional guaranty. Except as a punishment
for a crime whereof the party shall have been
duly convicted.