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Personality
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Topics to Explore
1. Trait Theories
2. Psychoanalytic Theory
3. Social-Cognitive Theories
4. Humanistic Theories
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Personality: a persons internally based characteristic way of
acting and thinking
Character: Personal characteristics that have been judged or
evaluated
Temperament: Hereditary aspects of personality, including
sensitivity, moods, irritability, and distractibility
Personality Trait: Stable qualities that a person shows in most
situations
Personality Type: People who have several traits in common
Personality: Some Terms
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Example of Personality Type
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Personality Theory: System of concepts, assumptions, ideas,
and principles proposed to eplain personality!
Personality Theories
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Trait Theories: "ttempt to learn what traits make up personality
and how they relate to actual behavior
Psychodynamic Theories: #ocus on the inner workings of
personality, especially internal conflicts and struggles
Humanistic Theories: #ocus on private, subjective eperience
and personal growth
Social-Cognitive Theories: "ttribute difference in personality to
sociali$ation, epectations, and mental processes
Types of Personality Theories
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A Little Exercise
See in class!
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Scoring the PTQ
%n the score sheet, for each item, circle the term you
circled on the questionnaire for that item! &f you circled
'heredity( for item ), circle 'heredity( under both * and
+ on the answer sheet!
"dd up the number of items circled in each column!
,he column with the greatest number of items circled
represents the type of personality theory closest to your
own views!
Part 1
Trait Theories
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Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist who was a #reudian disciple,
believed that we are one of two personality types:
-
Introvert: Shy, self.centered person whose attention is
focused inward
- Extrovert: /old, outgoing person whose attention is directed
outward
Jng!s Theory of T"o Types
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Carl Jng
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Eysenc#!s Three $actor Theory
Hans Eysenck, 0nglish psychologist, believed that there are
three fundamental factors in personality:
- Introversion versus Extroversion
- Emotionally Stable versus nstable !neurotic"
- Impulse Control versus Psychotic
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%ans Eysenc#
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Eysenc#!s Theory& contine'
,he first two factors create 1 combinations, related to the four
basic temperaments recogni$ed by ancient 2reeks:
- #elancholic 3introverted 4 unstable5: sad, gloomy
- Choleric 3etroverted 4 unstable5: hot.tempered, irritable
- Phlegmatic 3introverted 4 stable5: sluggish, calm
- Sanguine 3etroverted 4 stable5: cheerful, hopeful
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$aymond Cattell: from 6evon, 0ngland, believed that there
were two basic categories of traits:
Spontaneity
,ask 8entering
"utonomy
Peak eperiences
Characteristics of
Self2Actali6e' People
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Some Self2Actali6e' People
- "lbert 0instein
- Dalph Baldo 0merson
- Billiam >ames
- ,homas >efferson
- "braham Gincoln
- 0leanor Doosevelt
- "lbert Schweit$er
- <ahatma 2andhi
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Carl $ogers' "merican psychologist@ believed that personality
formed as a result of our strivings to reach our full human
potential!
&ully &unctioning Person: Gives in harmony with hisCher
deepest feelings and impulses
Sel%-Image: ,otal subjective perception of your body and
personality
Conditions o% 1orth: behaviors and attitudes for which other
people, starting with our parents, will give us positive regard!
nconditional Positive $egard: 7nshakable love and approval
Positive Sel%-$egard: ,hinking of oneself as a good, lovable,
worthwhile person
Carl )oger!s Self Theory
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Carl )ogers
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E+alation of %manistic Theories
- <any of the Humanists claims are untestable!
- Humanists may have an overly.positive, rosy view of
humankind! ,hey do not look at the 'dark side!(
- #or the Humanists, the cause of all our problems lies not in
ourselves, but in others!
-
<aslows characteri$ation of self.actuali$ed individuals is
very biased toward a certain philosophical position!
- <ost of the people <aslow identified as self.actuali$ed had
rather serious psychological problems!
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A Little Exercise
See in class!
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Scoring the *riggs20yers
See in class!
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.nterpreting the *riggs20yer
Extraversion' sociability, energi$ed
by people, lonely when alone
3HIJ5
Sensation' practical, trusts facts@
learns through e.perience@ wants
to deal with whats real
Thinking' prefers the objective,
logical, analytical
Judging' prefers closure, wants
deadlines, feels more comfortable
once a decision has been made!
Intraversion' territorial, enjoys being
alone, private, drained by people
3KIJ5
Intuition' innovative, fantasi$es@ future
more attractive than the present
&eeling' prefers the subjective,
personal, values
Perceiving' resists closure, wants
more A more data@ values the
open.ended@ pressure to decide
stressful