a tour with real-world examples

Presented By: Group - 1

Information Systems &
Information Technology
Agenda
Presentation is supported by real-world examples

Birds Eye
View


IS | IT


IS-
Components

Vital component of successful businesses

Helps businesses expand and compete

Businesses use IS and IT

To improve efficiency and
effectiveness of business processes

For managerial decision making

For workgroup collaboration
Why study Information Systems and Information Technology?
A system

Is a set of interrelated components

With a clearly defined boundary

Working together to achieve a common set of objectives

By accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation
process
What is a system?
Input Process Output
An organized combination of
People
Hardware
Software
Communications networks
Data resources
Policies and procedures

That stores, retrieves, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization
What is an Information System?

Objective

IS Control, Management, Planning, Informative decisions

IT input, organizes, processing and storing information.

History

IS start of 1940 s when first time POS data and Inventory
management were performed

IT relatively newer concept, started in 1990 s decades.

Scope

IS broader perspective, depends on long term goals and
planning of organization

IT limited to process and procedure, depend on
technology used as per requirement of organization.




Information System (IS) versus Information Technology (IT)

Components

IS organization ( people + structure + working
culture) + Technology + Management ( operation +
managerial + strategic )

IT technology (hardware + software + database)

Application

IS Way people interact, Business work and
Organization run

IT only technology component, does not consider
the environment.
Information System (IS) versus Information Technology (IT)
Information System (IS) versus Information Technology (IT)
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Internal sources -sales, manufacturing, inventory, or financial for an organizations
database. External sources - interest rates, population trends, cost of new housing
construction / raw material pricing.

Executive Information Systems (ESS)
Information in an EIS are presented in charts and tables that show trends, ratios
and other managerial statistics and is stored in data warehouses




Real World Examples
Real World Examples
Expert Systems (ES)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) the application of human intelligence to computers. (Speech
recognition and creative responses)
Real World Examples
Office Information Systems (OIS) :
The registration process of a school.

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
Example: Deposits, payments, orders
or reservations

Management Information Systems (MIS)
generates accurate, timely and organized information so that managers can make
decisions, solve problems, supervise activities and track progress.
Example : Sales forecasting
Real World Examples
Components of an Information
System
People , culture and structure
Traditionally, people resisted technology
Organization needs to create awareness to ensure effective use of
technology.
New technology leads to structural changes in the organization.
Ensuring the right attitudes towards technology.
Organizations also needs to assess the potential political discomfort

Hardware Resources

All physical devices used in information processing Machines, data
media, peripherals

Components of an IS
Software
All information processing instructions including programs and
procedures System software, application software and procedures
, eg Oracle, Windows (OS), Office package

Data Resources
Facts about the business transactions
Processed and organized information
Databases of organized data

Network Resources
Communications media
Network infrastructure: hardware and software
The Internet, intranets and extranets

Components of an IS
Banking Bank Of America
People - Tellers, Helplines , Customer relationship managers
Software- Windows (OS), banking application, mobile utility, online services
Hardware: ATMS, PCs, Scanners, Currency counter
Database Oracle, Access, etc
Procedure Services, Banking, online, ATM

Retail - Wal-Mart
People Floor Managers, CRMs, Cashiers
Software- Windows (OS), retail applications
Hardware: card readers, RFIDs, bar code readers, theft detectors, Loyalty Management
Database Oracle, Access
Procedure Retail services, pos, consumer behavior

Telecom
Airtel/Vodafone
People Sales executive, customer care, Retailers
Software- Windows(OS),Mobile application Software
Hardware: -Servers, Mobile towers , control rooms,Pc
Database Oracle, Access
Procedure Billing System, CRM, Calling plans(Du)

Real World Examples
Consumer Privacy
Organizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge
amounts of data on individuals.

Employee Privacy
IT supports remote monitoring of employees,
violating privacy and creating stress

Freedom of Speech
IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate
speech, intellectual property crime, an d other
intrusions; prevention may abridge free speech.

IT Professionalism
No mandatory or enforced code of ethics for IT
professionals--unlike other professions.

Social Inequality
Less than 20% of the worlds population have ever
used a PC; less than 3% have Internet access.

Ethical & Societal Issues
The Not-So-Bright Side
Group-1