Perangkat Lunak Sistem:

Sistem Operasi, Device Driver

& Utilities
Dr. R. RIZAL ISNANTO, S.T., M.M., M.T.
Program Studi Sistem Komputer
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Semarang
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Perangkat Lunak Sistem:
Sistem Operasi, Device Driver
& Utilities
1 System Software: The Power behind the Power
2 The Operating System: What It Does
3 Other System Software: Device Drivers & Utilities
4 Common Features of the User Interface
5 Common Operating Systems
6 Application Software
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System Software: The Power behind the
Power
Application Software
Software developed to solve a particular problem for
users
Either performs useful work on a specific task
Or provides entertainment
We interact mainly with this software
System Software
Enables application software to interact with the
computer
Helps the computer to manage its own internal and
external resources
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System Software: The Power behind the
Power
System Software has 3 basic components
Operating System (OS)
The principal component of system software
Low-level, master system of programs to manage basic computer
operations
Some hardware requires specific Operating Systems
Macintosh computers run Macintosh OS
PCs run Microsoft Windows, Linux, or BSD Unix
IBM Mainframes run MVS or VM
Cray supercomputers run COS or UNICOS
Device Drivers
Help the computer control peripheral devices
Utility Programs
Used to support, enhance, or expand existing programs in the
computer

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The Operating System: What It Does
Booting
The process of loading an OS into the computers
main memory
The steps are:
1. Turn the computer on
2. Diagnostic routines test main memory, CPU, and other
hardware
3. Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) programs are copied to
main memory
BIOS contains instructions for operating the hardware
The computer needs those instructions to operate the
hardware and find a copy of the OS
4. Boot program obtains the OS and loads it into computers
main memory
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The Operating System: What It Does
Central Processing Unit (CPU) Management
Kernel is the supervising software that manages CPU
Kernel must remain in memory while the computer runs
If another program uses the kernels memory when the
kernel needs it, the computer will crash
Memory Management
OS keeps track of memory locations to prevent programs
and data from overlapping each other
Swaps portions of programs and data into the same
memory but at different times
Keeps track of virtual memory
Queues, Buffers, Spooling
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The Operating System: What It Does
Central Processing Unit (CPU) Management
(continued)
Queues, Buffers, Spooling
Queue: First-in, First-out (FIFO) sequence of data or
programs that waits in line for its turn to be processed
Buffer: The place where the data or programs sit while they
are waiting
To Spool: The act of placing a print job into a buffer
Needed because the CPU is faster than printers
The CPU can work on other tasks while the print jobs
wait
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The Operating System: What It Does
File Management
A file is either a
Data File: a named collection of
data
Program File: a program that
exists in a computers secondary
storage
The File System arranges files
in a hierarchical manner
Top level is Directories (aka
Folders)
Subdirectories come below
Folders
Find files using their pathname
C:/MyDocuments/Termpaper/section1.doc
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The Operating System: What It Does
Task Management
Required for computers that accommodate multiple users
Required for computers that allow multiple simultaneous
applications
Methods of processing two or more programs
Multitasking
By one user on one processor
Multiprogramming
By multiple users concurrently on one processor
Time-sharing
By multiple users in round-robin fashion on one processor
Multiprocessing
By one or more users simultaneously on two or more processors
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The Operating System: What It Does
Security Management
Operating Systems permit users to control access to their
computers
Users gain access using an ID and password
You set the password the first time you boot up a new
computer
System Administrators can set up new accounts and
assign new passwords
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Other System Software: Device Drivers
& Utilities
Device Drivers
Specialized software programs that allow input and output
devices to communicate with the rest of the OS
When you get a brand-new printer or monitor, you may also
need to install the device driver for it
Device drivers come with new hardware, or download from the
manufacturers website, or sites like www.driverguide.com or
www.windrivers.com
Utilities
Service programs that perform tasks related to the control and
allocation of computer resources
Some come with the OS, others can be bought separately like
Norton SystemWorks, McAfee Utilities
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Other System Software: Device Drivers
& Utilities
Practical Utility programs perform the following tasks
Virus protection
Data compression
File defragmentation
Disk scanner & disk cleanup
Backup
Data recovery
Discussion Question: How many of you have lost important files
such as a term paper? Didnt you wish you had made a backup
copy? ALL data media are subject to possible failure and data loss!
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Common Features of the User Interface
User Interface
The user-controllable display screen you use to interact
with the computer
Keyboard and Mouse
User input devices that you use to interact with the
display screen
Both devices have special-purpose keys
Keyboard Special-purpose keys: Esc, Ctrl, Alt, Del, Ins,
Home, End, PgUp, PgDn, Num Lock
Mouse special-purpose keys: left-click, right-click, and (on
some mice) scroll wheel or center click
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Common Features of the User Interface
Keyboard
Function Keys let you quickly perform specific tasks
Escape Key lets you quit a task
Ctrl and Alt use combination with another key to bypass using the
mouse Ctrl + S will save a document, Alt + Tab will let you switch
between running applications
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Common Features of the User Interface
Keyboard continued
Application key quickly displays the shortcut menu
for any item on your screen
Status lights indicate if your Num Lock or Caps
Lock keys are on
Numeric Keypad allows you to type in numbers
when the Num Lock light is on
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Common Features of the User Interface
Mouse
Handy tool for dragging and dropping text, graphics
Useful for navigating menus on unfamiliar applications
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Common Features of the User Interface
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Allows you to use a mouse or keystrokes to select icons
and commands from menus
Replaces command-driven interfaces used in earlier
programs
Three main features are: desktop, icons, and menus
Desktop: The systems main interface screen
Icon: Small pictorial figure that represents a program, data
file, or procedure
Rollover: A small text box that explains the icon when you roll
your mouse over it
Menus: A list of built-in commands and/or options from
which to choose
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Common Features of the User Interface
To start an application, pick one of 3 methods:
Click on the Start button on the lower left corner of the
Windows desktop
Click on the My Computer icon on the desktop, find the
application executable on your hard disk, and click it
Click on the My Documents icon on the desktop, find the
document you want to open, and click it. It should
automatically open the application that created it, if you
have that application installed
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Common Features of the User Interface
Most Operating Systems have the following:
Title Bar: runs across the top of the display window
Menu Bar: shows the names of the pull-down menus
available
Toolbar: Displays menus and icons representing the
most-frequently used commands
Taskbar: The bar across the bottom of the Windows
screen that contains the Start button
A window: A rectangular frame on the computer screen
through which you can view a file of data or an
application
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Common Operating Systems
Platform
The particular processor model and operating system on
which a computer system is based
Operating Systems are platform-specific
PC (Wintel) platforms
Dell, Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, IBM PCs
Originally ran Disk Operating System (DOS)
Currently run Linux, Unix, Windows
Apple (Macintosh) platforms
Run Mac OS (System 9 was proprietary, OS X is Unix-
based)
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Common Operating Systems
Mac OS
The OS that runs on Apple Macintosh computers
Pioneered the easy-to-use GUI
Proprietary OS
System 9 is OS from 1999, but still popular
Mac OS X is based on BSD Unix kernel
Tiger is 2005 release of Mac OS X; features include
Spotlight a desktop search engine for locating files on local
hard disk
Dashboard for creating desktop widgets
Automator automatically helps users to script repetitive tasks
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Common Operating Systems
Unix, Solaris, BSD
Developed at AT&T Bell Laboratories in 1969 as
minicomputer operating system
Is a multitasking operating system with multiple users
that has built-in networking capability and a version for
every platform
Unix interface
GUI An optional shell program that starts after the kernel
Command interface starts when kernel loads
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Common Operating Systems
Linux
A flavor (version) of Unix
A free, nonproprietary version of UNIX
May legally be downloaded and used for free
May legally be modified for free, as long as modifications
arent copyrighted
In 2000, adopted by China as national standard OS
Linux vendors produce Linux Distributions
Software is distributed for free
Support services are sold for a profit
Many PCs are set up to dual-boot Linux and Windows
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Common Operating Systems
Operating Systems for Handhelds
Palm OS
Dominant handheld OS
Proprietary OS requires proprietary software
Windows CE
Has familiar Windows look and feel
Can be directly programmed using Visual Basic 2005
Symbian OS
Symbian is worlds largest producer of smartphone software
Software is open-source
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Application Software
There are 5 ways to legally obtain software
1. Commercial Software
Copyrighted license must be purchased
2. Public-domain software
Not copyrighted legal to copy
3. Shareware
Copyrighted download for free, then pay if you use it
4. Freeware
Copyrighted but available for free. Pay on honor system
5. Rentalware
Copyrighted lease for a fee
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Application Software
Software License Types
Site licenses
Allow software to be used on all computers at a specific
location
Concurrent-user license
Allows a specified number of copies to be used at one time
May require additional license-monitoring software
Multiple-user license
Specifies the number of people who may use the software
Single-use license
Limits the software to one user at a time
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Application Software
Other software categories
Pirated software
Software obtained illegally in violation of copyright
Software & Industry Information Association Anti-Piracy
division prosecutes violators of software copyright laws
http://www.siia.net/piracy/
Dont pirate software!!!
Abandonware
Software that is no longer being sold or supported by its
publisher
Subject to copyright for 95 years from date of publication
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Application Software
Importing files
Getting data from another source and converting it into a
format for the application you are using
Allows you to edit files from other applications
Exporting files
Transforming data into a format that can be used by a
different application, then transmitting it
Common export files end in the .rtf extension
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