Purpose and function of

the CPU
In a computer what covers the
microprocessor?
A microprocessor is an integrated circuit
that contains all the functions of a central
processing unit of a computer.
Why is this needed?
The microprocessor contains integrated circuits that make up the CPU.
What does CPU stand for?

CPU stands forcentral processing

unitand is the main core of a
computer where every command
runs through and is routed to its
appropriate location.
CPU! what does it do?

The CPU is like the "rains of the

computer ! every instruction# no
matter how simple# has to go through
the CPU. $o let%s say you press the
letter %k% on your key"oard and it
appears on the screen ! the CPU of
your computer is what makes this
possi"le. The CPU is sometimes also
referred to as the central processor
unit# or processor for short.
&escri"e the functions
of these components
of the CPU'(
The control unit

controls the fetching of instructions

from the main memory and the use
of these instructions. Among other
tasks carried out are the control of
input and output devices and the
passing of data to the
Arithmetic)*ogical Unit for
computation.
The Arithmetic and *ogic
unit +A*U,

An A*U performs "asic arithmetic

and logic operations. -.amples of
arithmetic operations are addition#
su"traction# multiplication# and
division. -.amples of logic operations
are comparisons of values such as
/0T# A/&# and 01.
1egisters

A register is the lowest level of data storage

in a computer. 1egisters also have the lowest
read)write time of all types of memory in
your computer# making them idea to perform
small# repeated calculations.

0f course# each CPU has a limited num"er of

registers# so they can only "e used for very
short term data storage while that data is
"eing processed.
*ist and descri"e the stages of the fetch!decode!e.ecute cycle.
The 2rst thing is fetch. This is to fetch some
instructions +programs, and store them in
the register. . 3or this to happen the CPU
makes use of a vital hardware path called
the address "us. The data then travels along
this.
The ne.t step is decode. It needs to make
sense of the instructions it has 4ust received.
The CPU is designed to "e a"le to process
speci2c commands. These are called the
instruction set of the CPU
3inally e.ecute. This means that the CPU
processing takes place. The instructions are
carried out upon the data +e.ecuted,. This is
then stored in another register.

*ist three common household devices# other
than computers# which contain microprocessors.

A T5 uses
microprocessors

A stereo

A washing machine

A clock radio

3ridge

6icrowave

&ishwasher

7read maker

Printer

Car

1outer

6o"ile
phone

*andline
phone

$tereo

$tove
The central processing unit
of a computer consists of
several functional units.
&escri"e the functions of
the following((((
The control unit 8

&e2!*ink Control Unit II is a

necessary controller to install &e2!
*ink 6eters# &e2!*ink 6eter 73s# and
&e2!*ink &isplays. Up to 9 gauges
and displays can "e connected and
controlled "y one Control Unit II. The
name of the connection system is
:&e2!*ink $ystem.;
The fetch stage

. This is to fetch some instructions

+programs, and store them in the
register. . 3or this to happen the CPU
makes use of a vital hardware path
called the address "us. The data
then travels along this.
The decode stage

. It needs to make sense of the

instructions it has 4ust received. The
CPU is designed to "e a"le to process
speci2c commands. These are called
the instruction set of the CPU
The e.ecute stage

This means that the CPU processing

takes place. The instructions are
carried out upon the data +e.ecuted,.
This is then stored in another
register.