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Pertemuan 1
Introduction
Matakuliah : T0316/sistem Operasi
Tahun : 2005
Versi/Revisi : 5

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Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
menyebutkan fungsi dan struktur sistem operasi
(C1)
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Outline Materi
Sistem komputer
Fungsi Sistem Operasi
Sejarah sistem Operasi
First generation
Second generation
Third generation
Fourth generation


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FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
Why Operating Systems?
DEFINITION AND COMPONENTS
- Modern computer system is very complex
- OS manages all devices and provide user
programs with simpler interface to the
hardware
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Main components of computer system
- Hardware
- Software
- Application programs
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1. It is an extended machine
- Hides the messy details which must be performed
- Presents user with a virtual machine, easier to use


2. It is a resource manager
- Each program gets time with the resource
- Each program gets space on the resource

WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM
Program that acts as an intermediary between a user and
the computer hardware
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- Process Management
- Memory Management
- I/O Management
- File Management
System components:
Others:
Protection System,
Networking,
Command Interpreter
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HISTORY OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
First Generation (1945-1955): Vacuum Tubes and
Plugboards
- No programming language nor OS
- Machine language
- The use of plugboards, punched cards
Second Generation (1955-1965): Transistor and Batch
System
- Introduction of transistor
- Fortran, Assembler
- Batch system
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- Operating System usually used:
FMS (Fortran Monitor System)
IBSYS (OS for IBM 7094)
- Offline system:
Second Generation (contd)
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- Example of FMS job structure

Second Generation (contd)
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Third Generation (1965-1980): ICs and Multiprogramming

- IBM 360 for scientific calculation (i.e numerical) and commercial
(i.e character-oriented)
- IC (Integrated Circuit)
- Introduction of multiprogramming


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- Introduction of SPOOLING (Simultaneous Peripheral Operation
On Line)
- Introduction of time-sharing
- Development of computer utility machine that supports
hundreds of timesharing users
Eg: MULTICS (Multiplex Information and Computing Service)
- Development of minicomputer
Eg: DEC PDP-1 until PDP-11
- Development of UNIX (Uniplexed Information and Computing
Service)
Third Generation (contd)
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Fourth Generation (1980-now): LSI and PC

- LSI (Large Scale Integration) circuit and chips consisting
of thousands of transistor birth of PC (Personal
Computer)
- User-friendly software
- Dominant Operating System:
MS-DOS, Win ME, Win NT
Unix, X Window
- Network Operating System
- Distributed Operating System
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OS manages all devices and provide user
programs with simpler interface to the hardware