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ME221 Lecture 14 2
ME 221 Statics

Lecture #14

Sections 7.1 7.4
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ME221 Lecture 14 3
Homework #6
Chapter 7 problems:
6, 19 & 26
Chapter 6 problems
3 & 6
Due Monday, June 28

MatLab Group Problems
7.19, 7.26 & 6.15
Due Monday, June 28

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ME221 Lecture 14 4
Quiz #6
Friday, June 25
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ME221 Lecture 14 5
Chapter 7:
Internal Forces in Structures
Review internal/external forces
How to find internal forces
Sample problems
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ME221 Lecture 14 6
External/Internal Forces
External forces arise from contact or
gravitational attraction
Point and distributed loading
Weight
Internal forces are forces arising to hold
bodies together
Internal stress is a form of an internal force
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ME221 Lecture 14 7
Exposing Internal Forces
To analyze the stress at a given location in a
part, we need to know the forces at that
particular section.
100 lb
a a
b b
c c
At any given section a-a, b-b, or
c-c, there is an internal force arising
from the 100 lb external force.
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ME221 Lecture 14 8
Method for Finding Internal Forces
Determine reaction forces
100 lb
100 lb
A
y
=100 lb
A
x
=0
M
z
=0
Use equilibrium equations
Section and solve second equilibrium
problem to find internal forces
a a
100 lb
F
y

F
x

M
z

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ME221 Lecture 14 9
General Internal Forces
In general, there is a force and moment
component for each coordinate direction at
a given section
6 possible unknowns
Sample problems:
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ME221 Lecture 14 10
Example:
Determine the internal
forces and moments in
the bar built into the
foundation as shown in
the figure.
x
y
z
O
l
h
P
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ME221 Lecture 14 11
(l-x)
P
x
y
z
O
l
h
P
x
R

p
r

k P i x l M M
k P R F

) ( 0

j x l P M
k P R

) (

Horizontal Portion

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ME221 Lecture 14 12
x
y
z
O
l
h
P
y
R

l
(h-y)
P
j y h i l r
p

) (

i y h P j Pl M
k P R

) (

Vertical Portion
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ME221 Lecture 14 13
Shear and Bending Diagrams (Secs. 7.3, 7.4)
Topic is also called transversely loaded beams
Beam classifications and boundary conditions
Internal forces and the components specific rolls
Relation between shear and bending
Generation of shear and bending diagrams
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ME221 Lecture 14 14
Types of Beams by Supports
Transversely loaded beams have several
standard configurations
Determinate beams have the same number
of reactions as nontrivial equilibrium eqns.
Indeterminate
Determinate
Simple
Overhanging
Cantilever
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ME221 Lecture 14 15
Internal Force Component Rolls
Force components
Moment components
Axial is along beam
P
Shearing forces are transverse components
V
y

V
z

Torsion along beam
T
Bending for transverse
components
M
y

M
z

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ME221 Lecture 14 16
Shear and Moment Diagrams
-Sectioning Method
-Integration
-Singularity Functions
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ME221 Lecture 14 17
What is expected for shear and bending
diagrams?
1. Show FBD and statics for each section

2. Determine equation for V(x) and M(x)
3. Draw shear and bending diagrams indicating linear or
parabolic
4. Label end points of diagram as well as every region
endpoint
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ME221 Lecture 14 18
Generate a shear / bending diagram as follows:


2. Take a section on each side of an applied force or
moment and inside a distributed load
(take a new section whenever there is a change in the load
or shape of the beam)
- draw a FBD and sum forces / moments
3. Repeat 2 along the length of the beam.
1. Find reaction forces
w(x) distributed load
V(x) shear force
M(x) moment
Shear and Moment Diagrams using Sectioning Method
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ME221 Lecture 14 19
V
M
V
M
Sign Convention
Positive Shear and Positive Moment
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ME221 Lecture 14 20
Positive Shear
M
M
Positive Moment
Effect of External Forces
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ME221 Lecture 14 21
20 lb/in
125 lb
125 lb
9 in. 12 in. 12 in. 12in.
V
x
M
x
-ve
tension up
+ve
Tension down
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