Blood Circulation & Transport

Structure Of The Human Heart

HEART: to pump blood to all parts of the
body

Valve: to ensure that blood flows in only one
direction

Largest artery: aorta ; largest vein: vena
cava

Left ventricles thicker than the right
ventricle because in the left ventricle, blood
is pumped under high pressure to all parts of
the body.

Function Of the Heart
Blood vessels (salur darah)

ARTERY CAPILLARIES VEINS
-Carry blood away
from the heart to all
parts of the body
-Mostly carry
oxygenated blood
-Thick walls and
elastic

-very small lumens &
their walls are very
thin
-Carry blood back to
the heart
-Thinner & less
muscular walls &
bigger lumen than
arteries
Pulmonary Circulation
Transport deoygenated
blood from the heart to
the lungs to be
oxygenated and flow the
oxygenated blood back to
the heart
Systemic Circulation
Transport oygenated
blood from the heart to
all tissues of the body and
flow the deoxygenated
blood back to the heart


VIDEO 1
PLASMA
Pale yellow
Carry dissolved substances and heat around the
body

RED BLLOD CELLS
Contain red pigment called Haemoglobin
Biconcave disc shape & do have nuclei
To transport oxygen in their haemoglobin to all
parts of the body
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
Larger than red blood cells
Irregular shape and have nuclei
To fight infections by killing microorganisms in
our body

PLATELETS
Not cells and do not have nuclei
Irregular in shape
To help in blood clotting to shop bleeding
HUMAN BLOOD GROUPS









(/ : compatible; : incompatible)
O : universal donor; AB : Universal recipient

DONORS
BLOOD
GROUP
RECIPIENTS BLOOD GROUP
A B AB O
A
/ /
B
/

/
AB
/
O
/ / / /
BLOOD DONATION
Healthy, weigh over 50 kg, ages 17 - 60
HOW DONATED BLOOD IS STORED AND
HANDLED
Taken from vein in the arm
Collected in a sterilised bag containing sodium
citrate (preventing cloting of blood)
Stored in a refrigerator at 5oC for 10 days or
longer
A sample of the blood is then tested
WILTING
Rate of loss of water is faster than the rate of
absorption of water
Leaves and stems become soft and drop



TRANSPIRATION
Process by which water is lost in the form of
water vapour from the surface of a plant into the
air by evaporation
Water vapour loss (include oxygen and carbon
dioxide) through the stomata found in the leaf
epidermis
Guard cells: the cells that control the opening &
closing of a stoma


















RATE OF TRANSPIRATION
Number of stomata

Light intensity

Temperature

Humidity

Wind
IMPORTANT ROLES OF TRANSPIRATION
Helps in the transportation of water & mineral
salts in plants

Transport system consisting of xylem and phloem

Xylem : transport water & mineral salts from the
roots to the leaves for photosynthesis & to
replace water lost during transpiration

Phloem : transports food produced in the leaves
by photosynthesis to other parts of the plant

The phloem and the xylem make up the vascular
bundle.