INTRODUCTION OF GANGA QUALITIES OF GANGA RIVER PRESANT STATE OF GANGA RIVER MAIN SOURCE OF GANGA POLLOUTION AFFECT OF GANGA POLLOUTION MITIGATION MEASURES The GANGA is the most sacred river to Hindus and is also a lifeline to millions of INDIAN who live along its bank and depend on it for their daily need . Ganga is a trans- boundary river of INDIA & Bangladesh. The GANGA is longest river in INDIA.
They are 2,525 km river rise in western HIMALAYAS in INDIA and flow south and east through the Gangatic plain of north India into Bay of Bengal.
The Ganga basin is the most heavily populated river basin in the world, with over 400 million people and a population density of about 1000 inhabitant per square mile. According to Hindu mythology a ganga river have a great medicinal qualities. A ganga river present a ideal biodiversity area . It have over then 140 fish species, 90 amphibian species and five area hitch support bird found nowhere else in the world. Ganga river producing topes fertile soil in the world. According to studies report by environmental engineers of IIT Roorkee , the ganga decomposed the organic waste 15 to 25 times faster then other river. A Ganga river have a legendry medicinal qualities as compare to other HIMALAYA rivers'. According to NBRI (National Botanical Research Institute) ganga water have a anti bacterial quality . It found in research the E. COLI live only 3 days in Ganga water due to its bacteriophase quality's.
At the time the holy Ganga river become polluted.
There are over 29 cites , 70 towns and thousands of villages along the GANGA bank.
The Ganga was ranked among the five most polluted river's of the world in 2007.
It is found in research's the FAECAL COLIFORM levels in the river near Varanasi more than 100 times then official Indian government limit.
PRESENT STATE OF GANGA RIVER Industrial drains . City drains. Religion touristic activity. Construction activities along the coast of this river. Agriculture auto flow. Domestic activities like those of washer men . Cremation related ritual. miscellaneous : like vehicular washing, dumping of solid west etc. According to data out of 146 industries are along the river ganga between Rishikesh and Prayagraj . In this 146 , 144 is present in U.P. and 2 in Uttrakhand . A major pollution industries on the ganga are the leather industries near Kanpur . Other industry like Tanning industry , pharmaceutical companies , electronic plant , textile and paper industries, fertilizers discharge ,different types of chemical and organic effluent into river.
MUNICIPAL SEWAGE CONSIST 75% BY VOLUME OF TOTAL WASTE INTO GANGA. All of the their sewage over 1.5 billion liter per day goes directly into river . A Channel showing confluence of Tannery effluents with River Ganga at Kanpur. B 30% C 6% A 64% A= Sewage (64%) B=Industrial Effluents (30%) C=Miscellaneous (6%)
Effect of the pollution in river direct observed in fish. In the GANGA river fish become extinct . DUE TO POLLUTION IN GANGA THE GANGA DOLPHIN HAS POPULATION OF ONLY 2000 AND IS NOW AN ENDANGEARD SPECIES . The effect of the pollution increase the organic matter in river water. Presence of toxic chemical in water . Impair light penetration due to oil spill. The effect of water pollution strongly impact the balance of nature , which ultimately impacts all human. Harms the food chain : Break the link of food chain . Spread of disease: Cause cholera ,Typhoid infection diarrhea etc. Affect body organ: The consuminated of highly contaminated water can cause injury to the HEART & KIDNEY . I THINK FOLLOWING STEP SHOULD ADOPTED FOR CLEANING GANGA Intercepting untreated municipal sewage and industrial waste water following into river and diverting to sewage treatment plant . Setting up sewage treatment plant (STP) in the city lying along the river . Construction of bathing Ghats /toilets to eliminate peon defecation in river bank . Solid waste management system to prevent dumping of solid wastes in the river . Avoid plastics when possible . Get active and get involved in there a company to clean the GANGA river.
Described the use of plant in mitigation of environmental problem. A range of processes mediated by plant or algae are useful in treating environment problem .
APPLICABILITY Plant can used to clean up organic contaminants from surface water , ground water and municipal and industrial waste water . Plant also produce enzymes such as dehalogens and oxygenizes which help to catalyze degradation.
PICTURE : HOW RIPERIAN CORRDORA FLORA ACT AS BARRIER AND CHECK THE IMMEDIATE DISCHARGE OF SOLID RAW MATERIAL IN RIVER. GAP GANGA ACTION PLAN The GAP- Phase -1 , The first attempt of GO 1 for pollution abatement work in the river GANGA Indicated in1979 was launched in 1985. With object treating 882 million liters per day of sewage and improve the water quality to bathing class standard . GAP 1 has been completed in 2000 . The GAP II is presently under implementation.
NATIONAL GANGA RIVER BASIN AUTHOITY (NGRBA)
On November 4 , 2008 GOV. of INDIA declared GANGA as NATIONAL RIVER and also setup a NGRBA to protect this ancient river from pollution. A number of organizations , NGOs and state bodies are crying day out and day in to keep Ganga clean , full of biodiversity & pollution free. ADOPT GANGA like programs are also helpful to clean THE GANGA .