Introduction

Working principle
3-D viewers
Active viewers
Passive viewers
Autostereoscopy
Applications
Future Aspects


Stereoscopy (also called stereoscopic or 3-D imaging)
refers to a technique for creating or enhancing the illusion
of depth in an image by presenting two offset images
separately to the left and right eye of the viewer.

The principle involved is BINOCULAR VISION, which
requires that the left-eye view and the right-eye view of an
object be perceived from different angles.
In the brain the separate perceptions of the eyes are
combined and interpreted in terms of depth, of different
distances to points and objects seen.
There are three levels in
binocular-vision:

Simultaneous perception
Fusion
Stereopsis
ACTIVE VIEWERS
PASSIVE VIEWERS
AUTOSTEREOSCOPY
Uses various electronic
techniques along with the
display
Glasses contain liquid
crystal that block or pass
light through
synchronization with the
images on the computer
display, using the concept
of alternate frame-
sequencing.
Each eye's glass contains
a liquid crystal layer which
has the property of
becoming dark
when voltage is applied,
being
otherwise transparent.
The glasses are controlled by an infrared, RF, or
Bluetooth transmitter that sends a timing signal that allows
the glasses to alternately darken over one eye, and then the
other, in synchronization with the refresh rate of the screen.

Linearly Polarized Glasses
Circularly Polarized Glasses
Infitec Glasses
Complementary color anaglyphs
Chromadepth method and glasses
Anachrome method

Two images are projected superimposed onto the same
screen through orthogonal polarizing filters.
The viewer wears low-cost eyeglasses which also contain a
pair of orthogonal polarizing filters.
Each filter only passes light which is similarly polarized
and blocks the orthogonally polarized light, each eye only
sees one of the images, and the effect is achieved.
Two images are projected superimposed onto the same
screen through circular polarizing filters.
The viewer wears low-cost eyeglasses which contain a pair
of analysing filters.
Light that is left-circularly polarized is extinguished by the
right-handed analyser, while right-circularly polarized light
is extinguished by the left-handed analyser.
Infitec stands for interference filter technology.
Special interference filters (dichromatic filters) in the
glasses and in the projector form the main item of
technology and have given it this name.
The filters divide the visible colour spectrum into six
narrow bands - two in the red region, two in the green
region, and two in the blue region.
The R1, G1 and B1 bands are used for one eye image.
R2, G2, B2 bands are used for the other eye.

Complementary color anaglyphs employ one of a pair of
complementary color filters for each eye.
It is of two types:
Red-cyan method
Color code-3D
Color filters used are red and cyan.
The eye is sensitive to three primary colours, red, green, and
blue.
The red filter admits only red, while the cyan filter blocks red,
passing blue and green.
It produces ANAGLYPH IMAGE.
Anaglyph images are used to provide a stereoscopic 3D effect.
Images are made up of two color layers, superimposed, but
offset with respect to each other to produce a depth effect.
The picture contains
two differently
filtered colored
images, one for each
eye.
When viewed
through the "color
coded" "anaglyph
glasses", they reveal
an integrated
stereoscopic image.

Color Code 3D is a newer, patented stereo viewing system
deployed in the 2000s that uses amber and blue filters.
The color information is conveyed through the amber filter
The depth (or parallax) information is conveyed through
the blue filter.
This procedure is based on the
fact that with a prism, colours
are separated by varying degrees
The Chromadepth eyeglasses
contain special view foils, which
consist of microscopically small
prisms.
Colours contain the depth
information of the picture.
If one changes the color of an
object, then its observed
distance will also be changed.
A recent variation on the anaglyph technique is called
"Anachrome method.
The 3D effect is achieved as the images are shot with a
narrower stereo base, (the distance between the camera
lenses).
The range of color is perhaps three times wider in
Anachrome

due to the deliberate passage of a small amount
of the red information through the cyan filter.
Autostereoscopy is any method of displaying stereoscopic
(3D) images without the use of special headgear or glasses
on the part of the viewer.
It is also called "glasses-free 3D.
This technique ensures that the viewer's two eyes sees a
different image on the screen.
Some autostereoscopic displays are also capable of
recreating a perception of movement parallax.
"Movement parallax" refers to the fact that the view of a
scene changes with movement of the head.
Thus, different images of the scene are seen as the head is
moved from left to right, and from up to down.

3-D TV
Cinema
Gaming
Medical applications
Photography
Multimedia
Depth-sensitive cameras
Gesture-based interaction for
applications such as gaming
3D scanning
3D printing
Tomography