Group members :

Komala vashinee jayasilan

THEORY
Fluid statics or hydrostatics - branch of fluid mechanics that
studies fluids at rest.

It embraces the study of the conditions under which fluids are at
rest in stable equilibrium; and is contrasted with fluid dynamics, the
study of fluids in motion.

Hydrostatics is fundamental to hydraulics, the engineering of
equipment for storing, transporting and using fluids.

Hydrostatics offers physical explanations for many phenomena of
everyday life, such as why atmospheric pressure changes
with altitude, why wood and oil float on water, and why the surface
of water is always flat and horizontal whatever the shape of its
container.
PROCEDURES
1. Apparatus was set up
2. Without water in the tank, the counter weight was adjusted to balance
the quadrant , beam and weight hanger.
3. The tank was filled with the water so that the quadrant is completely
submerged or about 180 mm submerged. the beam at the weight
hanger end was tilted upward.
4. The weight of 500g was added until the beam is tilt upward.
5. When the beam is horizontal, the water from the tank was slowly
drained and the valve was close.
6. The water level and the weight was recorded in table
7. The 50g of weight was removed so that the beam is tilted upward
8. The steps were all repeated until all the weights were removed.(water
level below 100mm)
RESULTS
RESULTS

CALCULATIONS
CALCULATIONS
GRAPHS
( MASS VS DISTANCE) WATER LEVEL ABOVE
LOWER QUADRANT
GRAPHS
( MASS VS DISTANCE) WATER LEVEL WITHIN LOWER
QUADRANT
Discussion on graph
Water level above the lower quadrant- Linear
relationship between the mass and the distance .
Water level within the lower quadrant- Linear
relationship between the mass and the distance .
Theoretical- were nearly identical for Water level
above the lower quadrant
Theoretical- were outrageously high for Water
level above the lower quadrant = non linear
graph





The pressure increases with the increase of the fluid.
Center of the pressure always lower than the
centroid.
Hydrostatic pressure distribution varies only with
vertical distance and is dependent of the shape of
the container
Plane is the same at all point on a given horizontal
plane in the fluid.
Observation cont
Water lever above the lower quadrant

a. With every decrease of 50g- h1- decreases
b. Depth of the centroid from fluid free surface (hc)
decreases since h1 decreases
c. Ixc is constant at every mass change

Water level within the lower quadrant

a. Mass decrease- h2 decrease- hc decrease
b. Ixc decreases as the area of the submerged area is
vary.















Objective achieved the center of the pressure of a plane
submerged in water is always lower than the centroid.
( moment of resultant force equals to the moment of the distributed
pressure force )
Every decrease of the mass, the distance / depth of the water also
decrease.

Errors:
a. Parallax error: might have happened during reading was taken on
the water level eyes must be perpendicular to the water level
b. Instrument/ surrounding error : experiment must be conducted in
a ideal condition. Instrument must be in a good condition
calibrated
c. Human error: water poured must be within the limit