TRIPOLI UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
PE510
Fall 2013
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
PE 510
DR. MOHAMED EL-HOUNI
Fall 2013
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Class Schedule

Saturday 14:00 15:30
Thursday 14:00 15:30

TRIPOLI UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Course Outlines
Introduction

Reserves
Phase Behavior
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Processes
Currently Used EOR Processes

Course Outlines
EOR methods used to improve
reservoir recovery efficiency, and
explain their differences For each
method, state whether it can improve
displacement, vertical or areal sweep
efficiency and explain how it works.
screening criteria for enhanced oil
recovery methods.
Course Outlines cont.
Course Outlines cont.
Understand Fractional flow theory and
Buckley- leverett 1-D displacement
Evaluate the effect of relative
permeabilities and fluid viscosities
in the fractional flow equation
Course Outlines cont.
Estimate oil recoveries using Buckley-
Leverett, Styles & Dykstra-Parson
methods
Planning for water flooding.

GRADE DISTRIBUTION

Home Works 05%
Quizzes 05%
Test I 20%
Test I 20%
Final 50%
TRIPOLI UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INTRODUCTION
Reserves
Quantities of petroleum from known
accumulations available for production and
quantities which are anticipated to become
available within a practical time frame
through additional field development,
technological advances or exploration
Source
January 1996 issue of the SPE Journal of Petroleum Technology
and in the June 1996 issue of the WPC (World Petroleum Congresses) Newsletter.
The SPE formulates rules for estimating
reserves
Reserves are volumes that will be produced
under current operating practices, prices,
taxes, costs, etc.
Three categories of reserves: Proved,
Probable and Possible
Proved is most important.

INTRODUCTION
Reserves
Proved Reserves
Must be at least 90% likely to be produced
Must be based on the actual production tests
or similar highly reliable information.
May be reported to various agencies,
stockholders and the general public
Are estimated and change with time.

Probable and Possible Reserves
Rarely reported outside the company
Useful to keep track of future opportunities.
Measures of exploratory success
Resources are not expected to be produced
unless some critical factor (usually economics)
changes in the future.
INTRODUCTION
Reserves
Greatest Oil Reserves as of year 2006
264.3
178.8
132.5
115
101.5 97.8
79.7
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39.1 35.9
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Source: Oil & Gas J ournal, Vol. 103, No. 47 (Dec. 19, 2005). From: U.S. Energy Information
Greatest Gas Reserves as of year 2006
1,680
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Source: Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 103, No. 47 (Dec. 19, 2005). From: U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Oil Recovery
Primary recovery, using only the natural
energy of reservoirs, typically recovers up to
50% of OOIP (average 19%).
Secondary recovery involves adding energy
to the natural system by injecting water to
maintain pressure and displace oil (also known
as waterflood). Typical recoveries are 25-45%
of OIP after primary recovery (average 32%).
Oil Recovery
Tertiary recovery includes all other methods
used to increase the amount of oil recovered.
Typical recoveries are 5-20% of OIP after
primary and secondary recovery (average 13%)
Secondary and tertiary recovery are together
referred to as enhanced oil recovery (EOR).
19% + 26% =(100-19) x 32% + 7% =(100-45)x13% = 52%

Tertiary
Primary
secondary
Oil Recovery
Petroleum reserves definitions are not static
and will be revised as additional geological
or engineering data become available or as
economic conditions change

Reserves may be attributed to either natural
energy or IMPROVED RECOVERY
METODS
Facts
Methods to Improve Recovery Efficiency
D I S C O V E R Y
Artificial Lift
Methods to Improve
Recovery Efficiency
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Production/Injection Control
Natural Flow
Strategic Wellbore Placement
Conventional
Oil Recovery
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
Processes
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
processes include all methods that
use external sources of energy
and/or materials to recover oil that
can not be produced, economically
by conventional means.
Currently Used EOR
Processes
Water flooding
Thermal methods: steam stimulation, steam
flooding, hot water drive, and in-situ
combustion
Chemical methods: polymer, surfactant,
caustic and micellar/polymer flooding.
Miscible methods including: hydrocarbon gas,
CO
2
, nitrogen, flue gas
Phase Behavior
Any fluid can exist in vapour, liquid or solid
phase depending on the conditions at which
it is subjected. Solids, liquids and gases are
phases of matter, which do exist in different
states depending on the values of pressure
and temperature.
Phase Behavior

The Reservoir HydrocarbonFluid Type:
Non-Volatile Oil
Volatile Oil
Condensate Gas
Wet Gas
Dry Gas
Basic Phase Behavior
Phase Behavior
Phase Diagram of a
Black Oil Reservoir
Temperature
P
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s
s
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Initial Reservoir
Conditions
CP
Path of Production
Separator Conditions
25%
50% 75%
Temperature
P
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s
s
u
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e
Path of Production
Initial Reservoir
Conditions
Separator Conditions
CP
Phase Diagram of a
Dry Gas Reservoir