SURGING

Compressor surge is an unstable flow pattern in a compressor where the total flow across
the airfoil alternately stops, flows backwards, and then flows forward.

Surge is associated with a sudden drop in delivery pressure and with violent aerodynamic
pulsation which is transmitted throughout the whole machine.
REASONS OF SURGING
Poor matching of the compressor to the system requirements.
Inappropriate compressor design.
Inadequate anti-surge control system.
Unfavorable arrangement of piping and process components of the system, which often can
magnify surge.
EFFECTS OF SURGING
Rapid flow and pressure oscillation causes process in stability
Rising temp. inside compressor
Mechanical damage
Tripping of compressor
Changes in the production rate


IDENTIFICATION OF SURGING
SURGING CAN BE CLEARLY IDENTIFIED BY FOLLOWING SYMPTOMS.
HEAVY THUMPING NOISES IN COMPRESSOR.
EXCESSIVE VIBRATIONS.
RAPID FLUCTUATION IN FLOW.
RAPID FLUCTUATION IN DISCHARGE PRESSURE.
COMPRESSOR OPERATING CURVE

P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

Flow rate
1
2
3
.
MAX.STABLE COMP. FLOW POINT
MIN.STABLE FLOW POINT
WHEN FLOW AT I/L REACHES SONIC
VEL.NO FURTHER FLOW INCREASE
IS POSSIBLE

DUE TO LOW FLOW ,IT NO LONGER
CAN ADHERE TO SUC. SIDE OF BLADE
SO STALLING OF FLOW
A
B
C D
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

Flow Rate
Flow starts decreasing
which builds up
pressure and
resistance at
discharge. Curve rises
from D to A
SURG CYCLE
Compressor
operating in
normal zone
O to X
o
x
As flow decreases continuously
to point A comp loses its
ability to make pressure hence
Ps drops i.e. Pd >Ps and flow
reverses Compressor Operating
point move from A to B. Result
of flow reversal Is that pressure
goes down pressure goes down
at discharge and curve move
from B to C.



System pressure is going down
comp is again able to develops
Pressure comp jumps back to
performance curve to D forward
flow established


ANTI-SURGE SYSTEM
Anti surge controller protect the compressor against surge by opening recycle valve. this reduces
resistance (back press) and system will again come in normal situation.

Recycle the streams Picture
Vent the discharge stream
Performance controller

ANTI SURGE APPLICATION
The main step to prevent surge is to recycle or blow off flow to keep the operating point
away from the surge limit. because compressing this extra flow entails an economic penalty,
the control system must accurately determine how close the compressor is to surging and
then maintain an adequate but not excessive flow rate. our unique combination of surge
prediction and anti surge control algorithms protect your machines with the smallest possible
recycle rates
CHARACTERISTIC CURVE
Operating line
Surge control line
Recycle trip line
Surge limit line
Safety online

SURGE CONTROL LINE

RECYCLE TRIP LINE


SURGE LIMIT LINE


SAFETY ONLINE


PICTURE

AIR EXTRACTION SYSTEM

SECURITIES ON ANTI SURGE SYSTEM

ANTI SURGE OF GT-601/602

ANTI SURGE ON GT-603

ANTI-SURGE ON GT-604

ANTI SURGE ON C-702

ANTI SURGE ON K-2502

MODIFICATIONS IN AS SYSTEM OF GTs

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