Physiography of Indonesia

GEOFISIKA EKSPLORASI
Paradigm Shift
Dr. Ir. Eko
Widianto, MT
Semester Genap_201
! 201"
Program St#di Teknik Geo$ogi
%ak#$tas Tekno$ogi &e'#mian
dan Energi
(ni)ersitas Trisakti
8
PARADIGM SHIFT
IN GRAIT! DATA
"TILI#ATION
LE$T"RE MATERIALS
%& INTROD"$TION '%()
a& De*ni+ion
,& Geophysi-a. Me+hods and +heir /ain app.i-a+ions
-& Le0e. of Pe+ro.e1/ In0es+iga+ion
2& REFLE$TION SEISMI$ '3()
a& F1nda/en+a. of Seis/i- Re4e-+ion Me+hod
,& A-51isi+ion
-& Pro-essing
d& In+erpre+a+ion
e& E6er-ise
7& GRAIT! '7()
a& In+rod1-+ion and genera. app.i-a+ion of gra0i+y da+a
,&Paradig/ Shif+ in Gra0i+y da+a 1+i.i8a+ion
-& Gra0i+y and Pe+ro.e1/ Sys+e/
d& Ti/e9Lapse Mi-rogra0i+y Te-hno.ogy for Reser0oir
Moni+oring
:& MAGNETI$ '%()
a& Genera. App.i-a+ion of Magne+i- Da+a
Reso1r-es $.assi*-a+ion Sys+e/
So-ie+y of Pe+ro.e1/ Engineers e+ a.&; 2<<=
P.ay
%s+
%s+

E(PLORATION

E(PLORATION
2n
d
2n
d

DELINEATION

DELINEATION
7rd
7rd

DEELOPMENT

DEELOPMENT
:+h
:+h

PROD"$TION

PROD"$TION
Pe+ro.e1/ A-+i0i+ies
Phase
EXPLORATION
PHASE
DEVELOPMENT &
PRODUCTION
PHASE
Fre51en+.y 1sed of geophysi-a. /e+hods
for s1rfa-e re-ording and +ypi-a.
app.i-a+ion
Geophysical
method
Physical property
measured
Typical applications Comment on
applicability
Seismology Seismic wave velocity,
seismic impedance
contrast, attenuation,
anisotropy
Delineation of stratigraphy
and structures in petroleum
exploration
Exploration seismology is the
most widely used geophysical
method in petroleum
exploration.
Gravity Surveys Rock density contrast Reconnaissance of large-
scale density anomalies in
petroleum and mineral
exploration
Gravity survey are generally less
expensive ut have less
resolving power than seismic
exploration.
!agnetic Surveys !agnetic susceptiility
or the rock"s intrinsic
magneti#ation
Reconnaissance of the
crustal magnetic properties,
especially for determination
of asement features
$eromagnetic surveys are
widely used in oth petroleum
and mining application for
determining large, deep
structure.
Electrical and
electromagnetic
surveys
Rock resistivity,
capacitance, and
inductance properties
!ineral exploration %hese methods are used most
fre&uently in mining exploration
and well logging 'resistivity, S(,
and induction log)
(Lines and Newrick, 2004)
7
GRAIT! AND MAGNETI$ ANAL!SIS $AN ADDRESS ARIO"S PETROLE"M ISS"ES
'%)
ISS"E GRAIT! > MAGNETI$ TASK INTEGRATED ?ITH

Source Rock Deposition

Where were the source rocks deposited?

How deep are the source rocks?

Depth to magnetic basement
Regional basin enhancements
Seismic data
Regional geology

Source Maturation

Where are the cooking pots and fetch

areas?

What is the presentday heat in!u" into

the basin and how much dose it #ary?

What is the thickness of the crust?

What is the o#erburden?

Depth to magnetic basement
$sostatic residual
Sediment thickness
Depth #ersus density modeling
Regional structural modeling
%urie point &regional heat !ow'
Delineation of #olcanic
Seismic data
Well data
Density and (elocity
data
Heat!ow data

Hydrocarbon Migration

How much relief is there on the

basement?

What are the shape of the cooking

pots?

)re ma*or #ertical conduits near surface

areas?

)re ma*or lineations present and how do

they relate with more recent geologic
features?
Magnetic in#ersion
Depth to magnetic basement
(ertical fault identi+cation
,radient analysis
Regional depocenter and
sediment path enhancement
Well and outcrop
data
-opography
Remote sensing
Seismic data
Se.uence
stratigraphic
analysis
Seismicity
8
GRAIT! AND MAGNETI$ ANAL!SIS $AN ADDRESS ARIO"S PETROLE"M ISS"ES
'2)
ISS"E GRAIT! > MAGNETI$ TASK INTEGRATED ?ITH
Reser#oir /rediction

Where are the thickest sediment?

Where are the highest sand probability?

Where was the sources of

sedimentation?

What is the in!uence of tectonic on

deposition?

Ha#e the sediment depocenters shifted

o#er time?

What is the compaction history of the

sediments?

Do the sands ha#e lateral continuity and

connecti#ity?
Depocenter and sediment path
enhancement0
$ntegrated basin modeling
Density in#ersion
/ro#enance &magnetic lithology'

determination
Sedimentary magnetic analysis
/aleomagnetic analysis
$ntegrated #elocity analysis &1D
and 2D'
Seismic data
3ithology data &outcrop
and well'
Se.uence stratigraphic
analysis
4iostratigraphic data
-rap

Where are the ma*or structures?

What is the structural grain?

)re faults in the sedimentary section?

)re lateral porosity changes present?

Residuals and enhancements
1D52D structural5stratigraphic
modeling
6ault identi+cation 7 gradient
analysis
Structural in#ersion
Density in#ersion
Seismic data
8utcrop information
-opography
Remote sensing
Seismicity
TE$HNOLOG! APPLI$ATION
IN OIL AND GAS IND"STR!
De0e.op/en+ and Prod1-+ion Phases@
Pro'$em statement
90 How we can build reser#oir model
accurately?
10 How we can monitor and image the
dynamic properties of reser#oir until
+eld termination?
20 How we can optimi:e production?
:& HoA Ae -an i/pro0e +he Re-o0ery
Fa-+orB
?ha+ reser0oir proper+ies do Ae
Aan+ +o predi-+B
The -ri+i-a. reser0oir -hara-+eris+i-
Stati* properties+
90 6luid phase &oil and gas
percent'
10 )real e"tent of the trap
20 Depth
;0 -hickness
<0 %ompartmentali:ation
=0 Reser#oir net to gross
>0 /orosity
D,nami*
properties+
90 Well deli#erability
10 Reser#oir
connecti#ity
20 /ermeability
;0 /ressure change
<0 /hase change
=0 Reser#oir
compaction
M1.+i9di-ip.in approa-h for reser0oir
/ode.
Geological
Model
Geophysical
Model
Geochemical
Model
Petrophysical
Model
Geomechanical
Model
Fluid
Model
Production
Logging
Model
Tracer
Model
Well test
Model
RESERVOIR
MODEL
RESERVOIR
MODEL
Tracer
Data
Production
Logging
Data
Fluid
Data
Geomechanical
Data
Petrophysical
Data
Geochemical
Data
Geophysical
Data
Well test
Data
Geological Data
13
Data Processing Algorithm
Physical Properties Extraction
Reservoir Monitoring Technology
Data Visualization
Integration of Dicipline
E&P Technology Development
ProCe-+
phase
$ri+i-a. s1,s1rfa-e
infor/a+ion
Te-hno.ogy
In0o.0e/en+
9' ?"ploration

/ro#en /etroleum System and /lay

Resources information

Geophysi-s

,eology %oncept

Drilling
1' Delineation

-otal hydrocarbon #olume

)real limits of petroleum reser#oir

Deli#erability

Geophysi-s

,eology %oncept

Drilling

Reser#oir
2'
De#elopment

%ompartmentali:ation

?"act locations of de#elopment wells

Geophysi-s

De#elopment
,eology

Drilling

Reser#oir
;' /roduction

Hydrocarbon saturation and pressure
changes

6low restrictions and channeling

/roduction

Reser#oir

Geophysi-s
Oi. and gas opera+iona. phases and Te-hno.ogy In0o.0e/en+
Some aspects which drive gravity
utilization

Improve Recovery Factor

ar!"are # Instrumentation

Multi Dicipline Approach

Efficient Time $apse Technology for

Reservoir Monitoring

Pro%lems in &eophysical Ac'uisition

!ue to &eological con!itions

(ocial Pro%lem
http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/pi/4d4/what-is.html
http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/pi/4d4/what-is.html
-)%-$%S Regional

reconnaissanc
e
/etroleum
system
analysis
/lay analysis
?stablishing
e"ploration
focus
and ,@,
e"penditure
/rospect
identi+cation
and risk
assessment
3ease and ,@,

ac.uisition
-ectono
stratigraphic
framework
4asin Modeling
/rospect Risk
reduction
Drillsite
decision
&less
comple"
prospect'
)sset
delineation
and
de#elopment
Drillsite
decision
& comple"
imaging'
Reser#oir
performance
monitoring
?nhance
reco#ery
Gibson, R.I. & Millegan, P.S.; 1998
PLA!
IDENTIFI$A
TION
PLA!
IDENTIFI$A
TION
PROSPE$T
$APT"RE
PROSPE$T
$APT"RE
PROSPE$T
EAL"ATIO
N
PROSPE$T
EAL"ATIO
N
RESO"R$ES
APPRAISAL
RESO"R$ES
APPRAISAL
RESEROIR
MANAGEME
NT
RESEROIR
MANAGEME
NT
USE HIGHE ES!"UTI!# G$%IT& $#D '$G#ETI( D$T$
Gibson, R.I. & Millegan, P.S.; 1998
PLA!
IDENTIFI$A
TION
PLA!
IDENTIFI$A
TION
PROSPE$T
$APT"RE
PROSPE$T
$APT"RE
PROSPE$T
EAL"ATIO
N
PROSPE$T
EAL"ATIO
N
RESO"R$ES
APPRAISAL
RESO"R$ES
APPRAISAL
RESEROIR
MANAGEME
NT
RESEROIR
MANAGEME
NT
"SE HIGHER RESOL"TION MAGNETI$ DATA
M),A?-$%
B-$3$C)-$8A
Regional depth
to magnetic
basement
Regional
tectonic
analysis
?uler
decon#olution
%urie point
analysis
Detailed
basement
interpretation
Detailed fault
and
lineament
analysis
Delineation of
#olcanicsD saltD
and
shale
DetailedD
integrated
1D52D modeling
faultingD
basement
structureD
#olcanicD
salt edgesD and
sediment timing
Depth slicing
and
lineament
analysis
Sedimentary
magnetic
analysis
Detailed 1D 5
2D
modeling
in#ersion
$ntegrated
depth
migration &pre
or postack'
Magneto
startigraphy
Aone published
M),A?-$%
R?S83B-$8
A R?EB$R?D
F
1G km spacing
< 7 H km grid
9 7 < n-
%ontinental
gridsD
older sur#eys
1 7 < km spacing
9 1 km grid
G0< 7 1 n-
Modern digital
sur#eysD marine
sur#eysD
digiti:ed
older analog
sur#eys
G0< 9 km spacing
G09 7 G0< n-
HighresolutionD
low
altitude sur#eys
G01< 7 G0< km
spacing
G09 7 G0< n-
HighresolutionD
lowaltitude
sur#eys
4orehole
magnetometer
F -ypical re.uired resolutionI needs to be tailored to source depth and signal strength
20
Modifed from Gibson, R.I. & Millegan, P.S.; 1998
GRAIT!
DATA
GRAIT!
DATA
PLA!
IDENTIFI$AT
ION
PLA!
IDENTIFI$AT
ION
PROSPE$
T
$APT"RE
PROSPE$
T
$APT"RE
PROSPE$
T
EAL"ATI
ON
PROSPE$
T
EAL"ATI
ON
RESO"R$
ES
APPRAIS
AL
RESO"R$
ES
APPRAIS
AL
RESEROIR
MANAGEMEN
T
RESEROIR
MANAGEMEN
T
THE PARADIGM SHIFT IN GRAIT! DATA
"TILI#ATION
D! "SING THE HIGHER RESOL"TION OF
GRAIT! DATA
GRAIT!
"TILI#ATION
$sostatic
residual
Regional
tectonic
analisis
4asin and
depocenter

enhancement
Regional
modeling
Digital data
integration
&with remote
sensingD etc'
Semiregional
structural 5
stratiigraphic
modeling
-argetspesi+c
enhancements
3ayer stripping
for
impro#ed
delineation of
e"ploration
targets
Sensiti#ity
studies
tied to density
and
lithology
DetailedD
integrated
1D 5 2D
modeling
&with seismic
hori:onsD
densityD
and #elocity
information'
/orosity 5
pressure
prediction
Salt edge 5 base
determination
?nhanced
#elocity
analysis
$ntegrated 2D
rock properties
and #elocity
modeling
$ntegrated
depth
migration &pre
or
poststack'
4orehole
gra#ity
remote
porosity
detection
Detection of
shallow
ha:ards
$ntegrated
reser#oir
characteri:ation
4orehole gra#ity
Ti/e9.apse
pre-ision
gra0i+y ;
in-.1ding for
$ar,on
S+orage
Moni+oring
GRAIT!
RESOL"TION
REE"IRED F
9 7 < m,al
1 7 1G km
wa#elength
%ontinental
gridsD
satelite
gra#ityD
airborne
gra#ity
G01 7 9 m,al
9 7 < km
wa#elength
%on#entional
marine
and land
sur#eys
G09 7 G0< m,al
G0< 7 1 km
wa#elength
Highresolution
land and
marine
sur#eys
G09 7 G0< m,al
G01 7 9 km
wa#elength
G0G9 7 G0GG<
m,al
&borehole'
Highresolution
landD marineD
and
gradiometer
sur#eys
G0G1 7 G09 m,al
9 7 < years
21
%
%

Regional Study

Regional Study
2
2

3eads and /rospect

,eneration

3eads and /rospect

,eneration
7
7

Drillable /rospect
,eneration

Drillable /rospect
,eneration
:
:

Drilling

Drilling
3
3

/lan of De#elopment

/lan of De#elopment
G
G

Reser0oir Moni+oring

Reser0oir Moni+oring
%
%

,ra#ityD MagneticD 1D Seismic

,ra#ityD MagneticD 1D Seismic

2
2

1D or 2D Seismic

1D or 2D Seismic
7
7

1D or 2D Seismic

1D or 2D Seismic
:
:

4orehole Seismic
&%heckshotD (S/'

4orehole Seismic
&%heckshotD (S/'
3
3

2D Seismic Re!ectionD
Resisti#ity

2D Seismic Re!ectionD
Resisti#ity
G
G

Ti/e .apse Geophysi-s
':D Gra0i+y; :D
Seis/i-)

Ti/e .apse Geophysi-s

':D Gra0i+y; :D
Seis/i-)
Paradig/ Shif+ of Gra0i+y Te-hno.ogy App.i-a+ion
For Oi. and Gas Ind1s+ry
S+ages Geophysi-a. Too.s
THANK !O"