RADAR

 Hertz, Heinrich Rudolph was a

German physicist. He opened the
way for the development of radio,
television, and radar with his
discovery of electromagnetic waves
between 1886 and 1888. James
Clerk Maxwell had predicted such
waves in 1864. Hertz used a rapidly
oscillating electric spark to produce
waves of ultrahigh frequency.
 Radar is an electronic system used to
detect and locate moving or fixed
objects. Radar can determine the
direction, distance, height, and
speed of objects that are much too
far away for the human eye to see.
It can find objects as small as insects
or as large as mountains. Radar can
operate effectively at night and even
in heavy fog, rain, or snow.
 The ability of radar to do so many tasks makes it
useful for a wide variety of purposes. Pilots rely
on radar to land their aeroplanes safely at busy
airports. In bad weather, ship navigators use it
to steer their ships clear of nearby vessels and
dangerous objects. Many countries use radar to
guard against surprise attacks from enemy
aircraft or missiles. Radar enables weather
forecasters to keep track of approaching storms.
Scientists use radar to investigate the upper
atmosphere of the earth. They also use radar to
study the other planets and their moons.
 Types of RADARS
 Pulse radar.
 Continuous-wave radar.

 a) Doppler radar.

 b) Frequency-modulated (FM) radar.

Block Diagram Of Transmitter
Block Diagram Of Receiver
 The uses of radar

 In aviation.
 In ship navigation.
 In the military.
 Space surveillance.
 Intelligence gathering.
 Range instrumentation.
 In controlling traffic speed and flow.
 In weather observation and forecasting.
 In scientific research.
 Radar in the future
 Researchers today are seeking ways to reduce
the size of microwave radars and to manufacture
them at low cost. Pocket-sized radar units could
be widely used as aids for blind people and as
collision-warning devices in cars. Researchers
have discovered that over-the-horizon radars can
monitor weather over large areas of the ocean
that could not be observed previously. These
radars might be used to make weather
predictions more accurate. In addition,
microwave radars built into a single artificial
satellite might one day track ship and aircraft
traffic over most of the earth.