Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
=
=
= +
=
(
=
(
+
=
(
=
r
r r
r r
r
r
r
r
r
r
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.1 Applications of Equations
Example 7 Apartment Rent
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Solution 2:
Let n = number of $25 increases.
Total rent = (rent per apartment) x
(number of apartments rented)
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.1 Applications of Equations
Example 7 Apartment Rent
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Solution 2 (Cont):
The rent charged should be either
550 + 25(6) = $700 or
550 + 25(4) = $650.
( )( )
( )( )
4 or 6
0 4 6
0 24 10
0 1800 750 75
75 750 800 , 52 600 , 54
3 96 25 550 600 , 54
2
2
2
=
=
= +
= +
+ =
+ =
n
n n
n n
n n
n n
n n
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.1 Applications of Equations
Example 7 Apartment Rent
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.2 Linear Inequalities
Supposing a and b are two points on the real-
number line, the relative positions of two points
are as follows:
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
We use dots to indicate points on a number line.
Suppose that a < b and x is between a and b.
Inequality is a statement that one number is less
than another number.
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.2 Linear Inequalities
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Rules for Inequalities:
1. If a < b, then a + c < b + c and a c < b c.
2. If a < b and c > 0, then ac < bc
and a/c < b/c.
3. If a < b and c < 0, then a(c) > b(c) and a/c > b/c.
4. If a < b and a = c, then c < b.
5. If 0 < a < b or a < b < 0, then 1/a > 1/b .
6. If 0 < a < b and n > 0, then a
n
< b
n
.
If 0 < a < b, then .
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.2 Linear Inequalities
n n
b a <
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.2 Linear Inequalities
Linear inequality can be written in the form
ax + b < 0
where a and b are constants and a = 0
To solve an inequality involving a variable is to
find all values of the variable for which the
inequality is true.
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.2 Linear Inequalities
Example 1 Solving a Linear Inequality
Solve 2(x 3) < 4.
Solution:
Replace inequality by equivalent inequalities.
( )
5
2
10
2
2
10 2
6 4 6 6 2
4 6 2
4 3 2
<
<
<
+ < +
<
<
x
x
x
x
x
x
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.2 Linear Inequalities
Example 3 Solving a Linear Inequality
Solve (3/2)(s 2) + 1 > 2(s 4).
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) | |
( ) | | ( )
7
20
20 7
16 4 4 3
4 4 2 2 3 2
4 2 2 1 2
2
3
2
4 2 1 2
2
3
>
>
+ >
> +
>
(
+
> +
s
s
s s
s s
s - s
s s
The solution is ( 20/7 ,).
Solution:
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.3 Applications of Inequalities
Example 1 - Profit
Solving word problems may involve inequalities.
For a company that manufactures aquarium
heaters, the combined cost for labor and material is
$21 per heater. Fixed costs (costs incurred in a
given period, regardless of output) are $70,000. If
the selling price of a heater is $35, how many must
be sold for the company to earn a profit?
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Solution:
profit = total revenue total cost
( )
5000
000 , 70 14
0 000 , 70 21 35
0 cost total revenue total
>
>
> +
>
q
q
q q
Let q = number of heaters sold.
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.3 Applications of Inequalities
Example 1 - Profit
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
After consulting with the comptroller, the president
of the Ace Sports Equipment Company decides to
take out a short-term loan to build up inventory. The
company has current assets of $350,000 and
current liabilities of $80,000. How much can the
company borrow if the current ratio is to be no less
than 2.5? (Note: The funds received are
considered as current assets and the loan as a
current liability.)
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.3 Applications of Inequalities
Example 3 Current Ratio
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Solution:
Let x = amount the company can borrow.
Current ratio = Current assets / Current liabilities
We want,
The company may borrow up to $100,000.
( )
x
x
x x
x
x
>
>
+ > +
>
+
+
000 , 100
5 . 1 000 , 150
000 , 80 5 . 2 000 , 350
5 . 2
000 , 80
000 , 350
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.3 Applications of Inequalities
Example 3 Current Ratio
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
On real-number line, the distance of x from 0 is
called the absolute value of x, denoted as |x|.
DEFINITION
The absolute value of a real number x, written |x|,
is defined by
<
>
=
0 if ,
0 if ,
x x
x x
x
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.4 Absolute Value
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.4 Absolute Value
Example 1 Solving Absolute-Value Equations
a. Solve |x 3| = 2
b. Solve |7 3x| = 5
c. Solve |x 4| = 3
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Solution:
a. x 3 = 2 or x 3 = 2
x = 5 x = 1
b. 7 3x = 5 or 7 3x = 5
x = 2/3 x = 4
c. The absolute value of a number is never
negative. The solution set is C.
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.4 Absolute Value
Example 1 Solving Absolute-Value Equations
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Absolute-Value Inequalities
Summary of the solutions to absolute-value
inequalities is given.
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.4 Absolute Value
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.4 Absolute Value
Example 3 Solving Absolute-Value Equations
a. Solve |x + 5| 7
b. Solve |3x 4| > 1
Solution:
a.
We write it as , where is the union
symbol.
b.
We can write it as .
2 12
7 5 or 7 5
> s
> + s +
x x
x x
| | ( ) , 2 12 ,
3
5
1
1 4 3 or 1 4 3
> <
> <
x x
x x
( ) |
.
|
\
|
,
3
5
1 ,
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Properties of the Absolute Value
5 basic properties of the absolute value:
Property 5 is known as the triangle inequality.
b a b a
a a a
a b b a
b
a
b
a
b a ab
+ s +
s s
=
=
=
. 5
. 4
. 3
. 2
. 1
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.4 Absolute Value
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.4 Absolute Value
Example 5 Properties of Absolute Value
( )
( ) 3 2 3 2 5 1 1 3 2 g.
2 2 2 f.
5
3
5
3
5
3
e.
3
7
3
7
3
7
;
3
7
3
7
3
7
d.
7 7 c.
2 4 2 2 4 b.
21 3 7 3 7 - a.
+ = + = s = = +
s s
=
= =
= =
-
x x
x
x x
Solution:
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.5 Summation Notation
DEFINITION
The sum of the numbers a
i
, with i successively
taking on the values m through n is denoted as
n m m m
n
m i
i
a a a a a + + + + =
+ +
=
...
2 1
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Evaluate the given sums.
a. b.
Solution:
a.
b.
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.5 Summation Notation
Example 1 Evaluating Sums
( )
=
7
3
2 5
n
n ( )
=
+
6
1
2
1
j
j
( ) ( ) | | ( ) | | ( ) | | ( ) | | ( ) | |
115
33 28 23 18 13
2 7 5 2 6 5 2 5 5 2 4 5 2 3 5 2 5
7
3
=
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
= n
n
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
97
37 26 17 10 5 2
1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
6
1
2
=
+ + + + + =
+ + + + + + + + + + + = +
= j
j
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
To sum up consecutive numbers, we have
where n = the last number.
( )
2
1
1
+
=
=
n n
i
n
i
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.5 Summation Notation
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Evaluate the given sums.
a. b. c.
Solution:
a.
b.
c.
( ) ( ) 550 , 25 100 3
2
101 100
5 3 5 3 5
100
1
100
1
100
1
= +
|
.
|
\
|
= + = +
= = = k k k
k k
300 , 180 , 24
6
401 201 200
9 9 9
200
1
2
200
1
2
=
|
.
|
\
|
= =
= = k k
k k
Chapter 1: Applications and More Algebra
1.5 Summation Notation
Example 3 Applying the Properties of Summation Notation
284 71 4 4 4
71
1
100
30
= = =
= = i j
( )
=
+
100
1
3 5
k
k
=
200
1
2
9
k
k
=
100
30
4
j