In order to control the quality of the compaction of the

subgrade in a highway pavement project,200 soil specimens

were prepared and tested. Twelve out of the sample of
200 specimens were found to have compaction below
CBR requirement. Calculate the 99% confidence interval
of the proportion of well compacted pavement.
CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR VARIANCE
A machine is used to fill cement bags in an assembly line operation.
Much concern centers around the variability in the number of kg of
cement in the bag. The standard deviation in weight of product is
known to be 0.3 kg. An improvement is implemented after which a
random sample of 20 bags are selected and the sample variance is
found to be 0.045 kg. Find a 95% confidence interval on the variance
in the weight of the cement product.
Two kinds of rebars are being compared for strength. Fifty pieces of
each type of rebars are tested under similar conditions. Brand A had an
average: tensile strength of 78.3 kN with a standard deviation of 5.6 kN,
while brand B had an average tensile strength of 87.2 kN with a
standard deviation of 6.3 kN. Construct a 95% confidence interval for
the difference of the population means.
.
An experiment was conducted to determine whether surface finish has an effect on the endurance limit
of steel. An existing theory says that polishing increases the average endurance limit (reverse bending).
From a practical point of view, polishing should not have any effect on the standard deviation of the en-
durance limit. An experiment was performed on 0.4% carbon steel using both unpolished and
polished smooth-turned specimens. The data are as follows:
Endurance Limit (psi) for:
Polished Unpolished
0.4% Carbon 0.4% Carbon
85,500 91,900
89,400 84,000
89,900 78,700
87,500 83,100
82,600 82,400
81,700 79,500
79,400 69,800
79,900 83,400
Find a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the population means for the two methods,
assuming that the populations are approximately normally distributed.
Ten engineering schools in the United States were surveyed. The sample
contained 250 civil engineers, 80 being women; 175 environmental
engineers, 40 being women. Compute a 90% confidence interval for the
difference between the proportion of women in these two fields of
engineering. Is there a significant difference between the two
proportions?

Statistical Hypothesis
A statistical hypothesis is a statement about
the parameters of one or more populations.
May also be thought of as a statement about
the probability distribution of a random
variable.
Supposed that we want to determine whether the average
content of colored cement bag is less than 12 lb.
Hypothesis Test Trial by Jury
Cement bag accused
Researcher prosecution
Data evidences
Claim:<12 charge against the accused
We assume:12 until sufficient
Evidence to the contrary charge is assumed not true until
proven otherwise beyond
reasonable doubt

Supposed that we want to determine whether the average
content of cement bag is less than 12 lbs.

n= 50
Ave. wt.=11.7
Sample Std dev= 1

Assume: Ho :12
Claim : Ha: <12
Test the hypothesis using =0.05
Supposed the specification for the yield strength of rebars
required a mean value of 38 psi. It is therefore essential that the
population rebars to be used has the required mean strength.
From the rebars delivered to the construction site by the
supplier, the engineer ordered that a sample of 25 rebars be
randomly selected and tested for yield strengths. The sample test
yielded a mean value of 37.5 psi. It is known that the standard
deviation of rebar strength from the supplier is 3.0 psi. Is there
evidence that the mean yield strength is acceptable at 5% level
of significance?

Tests on the Mean of a ND,
2
Unknown
Test Statistic

0
=

0




Supposed the specification for the yield strength of rebars
required a mean value of 38 psi. It is therefore essential that the
population rebars to be used has the required mean strength.
From the rebars delivered to the construction site by the
supplier, the engineer ordered that a sample of 25 rebars be
randomly selected and tested for yield strengths. The sample test
yielded a mean value of 37.5 psi and a standard deviation of 3.50
psi. Is there evidence that the mean yield strength is acceptable
at 5% level of significance.

Tests on the
2
of a ND
To test
H
0
: 1
2
=
2
2

H
1
: 1
2

2
2



we will use the test statistic:

2
=
1
2

2


Continuing from the same example, let us now test the
population variance of
2
= 9.0. For this purpose, let us
supposed that the sample size was increased to 41 and the tests
yielded a mean of 37.60 psi and a std deviation of 3.75 psi. Is
there evidence that the variance is greater than 9.0 at 1% level of
significance?

A manufacturer claims that the average tensile strength of rebar A
exceeds the average tensile strength of rebar B by at least 12 kN. To
test his claim, 50 pieces of each type of rebar are tested under
similar conditions. Type A rebar had an average tensile strength of
86.7 kN with known standard deviation of A = 6.28 kN, while type B
rebar had an average tensile strength of 77.8 kN with known
standard deviation of B= 5.61 kN. Test the manufacturer's claim at
= 0.05.
A study was made to determine if the subject matter in a physics course is
better understood when a lab constitutes part of the course. Students were
randomly selected to participate in either a 3-semester- hour course
without labs or a 4-semester-hour course with labs. In the section with labs,
11 students made an average grade of 85 with a standard deviation of 4.7,
and in the section without labs, 17 students made an average grade of 79
with a standard deviation of 6.1. Would you say that the laboratory course
increases the average grade by as much as 8 points? Use a P-value in your
conclusion and assume the populations to be approximately normally
distributed with equal variances
In a study to estimate the proportion of residents in a certain city and its
suburbs who favor the construction of a nuclear power plant, it is found
that 63 of 100 urban residents favor the construction while only 59 of
125 suburban residents are in favor. Is there a significant difference
between the proportion of urban and suburban residents who favor
construction of the nuclear plant? Make use of a P-value.