Definition-Disaster

Disaster is a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or

grave occurrence in any area arising from
natural or man made causes, or by accident or
negligence which results in substantial loss of
life or human suffreing or damage to and
destruction of property or damage to or
degradation of environment and is of such a
nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping
capacity of the community or affected area.
-Disaster management act 2005

AIMS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Reduce (avoid, if possible) the potential losses
from hazards.

Assure prompt and appropriate assistance to
victims when necessary.

Achieve rapid and durable recovery.
Impact mitigation and
preparedness
Meaning-Mitigation
Measures aimed at reducing the impact of a natural
or manmade disaster on a nation or community.
Mtigation & Preparedness
Principles of Mitigation
Hazard risk and vulnerability assessment.
Preparedness plans.
Coordination.
Information management.
Resource mobilization.
Public education and training.
Community based disaster preparedness.

Mtigation & Preparedness
Mtigation & Preparedness
Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability
Assessments
Identify characteristics, frequency and
potential severity of hazards
Identify geographical areas and communities
that are susceptible
Identify main sectors of a community that
would be affected
Assess the ability of these sectors to cope with
the disaster.
Seismic Risk = f (Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability, Location).
HAZARD- occurrence
of an event capable of
causing damage to the
man-made structures.
EXPOSURE- Objects and
structures built by man
which are exposed to
the effects of the
`hazard: buildings,
bridges, dams, power
plant, life-line structure,
etc.
VULNERABILITY-
Damageability of the
`exposure' under the
action of the hazard;
weaker ones being
more vulnerable and
`risky' than the
stronger ones.
LOCATION- (How far the
`exposure' is situated
from the Hazard location
the nearer ones being in
greater danger than
those far away, and
Mtigation & Preparedness
Mtigation & Preparedness
Preparedness Planning
Identify emergency shelter sites
Plan and publicize evacuation routes
Identify emergency water sources
Determine chain of command and
communication process
Train response personnel
Educate people
Mtigation & Preparedness
Coordination
Require mutual trust and coordination of efforts
between different agencies
Local government
Local community based organizations
Fire brigade
Health departments and hospitals
International agencies
Mtigation & Preparedness
Information Management
Before hazard and early warning information.
During disaster needs assessment
After Progress of post-disaster recovery
Mtigation & Preparedness
Resource Mobilization
Acquisition and disbursement of funds
Use of outside equipment and services
Emergency funding strategies


Public Education and Training
Objective is to promote an informed, alert an
self-reliant community.
Media
Direct instruction
Rehearsals/ Mock Drills

Mtigation & Preparedness
Mtigation & Preparedness
Community-based disaster preparedness
Mobilization and organization of the community
Development of appropriate materials for training
Extensive public awareness campaigns
Training of community in preparedness
Family level disaster preparedness education.
Disaster Relief
DISASTER RELIEF
Disaster Relief is the organized response to
alleviate the situation resulting from a
catastrophe.
Disaster relief demands the total integration of
the relief effort with the life-support assets and
infrastructure available within the disaster area.


DISASTER RELIEF RESPONSE PHASE
Stage I Immediate Lifesaving Phase
Stage II - Stabilization Phase.
Stage III - General Recovery Phase.

Stage I Immediate Life Saving Phase
Search
Rescue
Triage
Evacuation
Transportation
Search
To look through in order to find something.
Local Knowledge / Local person
People seek SAFETY
Victims may be Injured / Incapacitated / Dead
Fire Personnel, Army, Uniformed Personnel &
those with experience
Team-work

RESCUE
To free or save from danger, prison, evil, etc.
Safe removal
Transfer safely
Improvise
Principles of First-Aid followed
EVACUATION
A SPECIFIC AND PLANNED ACTION INVOLVING
MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE TO SAFER LOCATION
The Evacuation process is triggered before
the emergency and sustains well after the
emergency has ended.
India Today, 12 February 2001
Counseling is an integral part of any evacuation
plan. The victim needs consolation and care.
Evacuation
Temporary Accommodation
Members of one family or a group of friends need to be put together
while locating in a safer area. This gives them a feeling of safety and
gratification of emotions-sharing.
Outlook, 19 February 2001
First-Aid

Evacuation
Immediate
removal of the
affected, arranging
first aid & medical
help, is of primary
concern before
locating them in
safer area.
Gujarat quake: India Today, 12 February 2001
Presence of the hazardous condition
Possibility of the hazard impact recurring
Safety of the structures
Security
Availability of suitable facilities
Continuing counseling
- GOING BACK -
Affected Area Assessment
TRIAGE
Goal is to do the greatest
good for the greatest
number of people

Mass Casualty Management
TRIAGE AT SITE

TRANSPORT TO HOSPITAL

TREATMENT AT HOSPITAL

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Triage
Principles of Triage
Dynamic Process
Establishing priorities for treatment /
evacuation
Determines the future of the victim being
triaged and other victims
Must be as unemotional as possible
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TRIAGE CATEGORIES
Patient Status Color Code Priority
Critical /
Immediate
Red 1
Minor Yellow 2
Urgent /
Delayed
Green 3
Dead /
Dying
Black 4
TRANSPORTATION
MANUAL
VEHICLE
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