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Confined Space Entry Training Course


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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Confined Space Situationaire
five workers died from toxic
gas inhalation when they entered
an effluent tank in an industrial
area...
Unconfirmed reports put the
number of people admitted to the
hospital at two.
When it was noticed that the
first person who went in failed to
come back, the others followed one
by one but none returned, a visibly
shaken worker said.
Five Die
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Course Objectives
Identify all hazards associated with confined space
construction activity
Focusing efforts on critical confined space control measures
Be able to plan according to confined space entry
requirements
Eliminate ignorance and complacency
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
An enclosed space that is large enough for a person to
enter and perform work, may have limited or restricted
means for entry or exit and is not designed for continuous
human occupancy.
Confined Space Defined
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Definition
Designed for Continuous Employee Occupancy
A space, such as a room in a building, that is specifically designed for
the purpose of accommodating people under normal living or
working condition
This is specifically intended to rule out rooms that are designed as a
part of a building that may otherwise fit the definition of a confined
space
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Permit Required Confined Space
A permit required confined space is a confined space as defined
previously plus one of the following:
contains or has known potential to contain a
hazardous atmosphere
Contains a material with potential for engulfment
Is constructed to make it possible to be trapped or
asphyxiated by inwardly converging wall or because a
floor slopes downward
and tapers to a smaller cross section
Contains any recognized, or potentially serious, safety
or health hazard
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Definition
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Definition
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Definition
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Confined Space Entry Training Course


Definition
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Definition
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Definition
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Definition
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Definition
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Sample Hazard Identification
Underground Water Tank
Supply Line
Water Pump
Discharge Line Suction Line
Water Level @
10 ft.
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Underground Water Tank
Sample Hazard Identification
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Hazards in Confined Space
Atmospheric
The quality of air in the
confined space
Other Hazards
Temperature (too hot/cold),
noise, radiation, insecure footing,
stagnant, air, poor lighting,
presence of animals (snakes,
rats, etc.)
Mechanical, Electrical
Chemical
Hazards created when equipment is not isolated
from other energy sources.
Engulfment/Drowning
Being trapped or buried by
particles such as liquid, sand,
etc.
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Atmospheric Hazards
Atmospheric Hazards Refers to the gases, vapors, mists,
fumes, and dusts within a confined space that meets any of
the following criteria:
Combustible gas concentration less than 10% of the
LEL;
Toxic air concentration in excess of the
permissible exposure limits as published by OSHA.
Oxygen concentration less than 19.5% or greater
than 23.5%;
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Glossary of Terms
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) The maximum
8- hour time weighted average of any airborne
contaminant to which an employee may be exposed.
It is listed when it is more stringent than the current
TLV (as listed in 29 CFR 1910 Sub Part Z).
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
STEL (Short Term Exposure Limit) the concentration
to which it is believed that workers can be exposed
continuously for a short period of time or is a 15-minute
TWA exposure which should not be exceeded at
anytime during a workday.
Glossary of Terms
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Ceiling the concentration that should not be exceeded
during any part of the working exposure.
Glossary of Terms
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health a
maximum concentration above which only a highly
reliable breathing apparatus providing maximum
worker protection should be permitted.
Glossary of Terms
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
LEL (Lower Explosive Limit) lowest concentration
(air-fuel mixture) at which a gas can ignite.
Concentration lower this limit is too lean to burn.
Glossary of Terms
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
UEL (Upper Explosive Limit) The highest
concentration that can be ignited. Above this
concentration, the mixture is to rich to burn.
Glossary of Terms
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
% COMBUSTIBLE GAS BY VOLUME:
COMBUSTIBLE GAS LEL,% by vol.
METHANE 5.0 %
PENTANE
HEXANE
GASOLINE
1.5 %
1.1 %
1.4 %
PROPANE 2.1 %
Atmosphere Explosive Check
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
O
2
Sufficient-Deficient Atmosphere

Oxygen Deficiency:
An atmospheric oxygen
Concentration below
19.5 % (oxygen def.), or
Above 23.5 % (oxygen
Enrichment).

POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF OXYGEN-SUFFICIENT AND
DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERES

Oxygen Content Effects and Symptoms
(% by Volume) (At Atmospheric Pressure)

>23.5% Oxygen enriched, extreme fire hazard
20.9% Oxygen concentration in normal air
19.5% Minimum permissible oxygen level.
15-19% Decreased ability to work strenuously.
May impair coordination and may induce
early symptoms in persons with coronary,
pulmonary, or circulatory problems.
10-12% Respiration further increases in rate
and depth, poor judgement, lips blue.
8-10% Mental failure, fainting, unconsciousness,
ashen face, blueness of lips, nausea, and
vomiting.
6-8% 8 minutes, 100% fatal; 6 minutes, 50%
fatal; 4-5 minutes, recovery with
treatment.
4-6% Coma in 40 seconds, convulsions,
respiration ceases, death.

These values are approximate and vary as to the individual's state of
health and his physical activities.
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Threshold Limit Values
Toxic Gas TWA S TEL Ceiling IDLH
Ammonia (NH 3 ) 25 ppm 35 ppm -- 500 ppm
Carbon Monoxide
(CO)
25 ppm -- 200 ppm 1,500 ppm
Chlorine (Cl 2 ) 0.5 ppm 1 ppm -- 30 ppm
Hydrogen Cyanide
(HCN)
-- 4.7 ppm -- 50 ppm
Hydrogen sulfide
(H 2 S)
10 ppm 15 ppm -- 300 ppm
Nitric Oxide ( NO) 25 ppm -- -- 100 ppm
Sulphur Dioxide
(SO 2 )
2 ppm 5 ppm -- 100 ppm
Toxic Gas: An atmospheric concentration of any toxic
gas which is above the OSHA permissible exposure
limit (PEL) as outlined below:
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Life Threatening Effects of Toxic Gas:
EFFECTS OF CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)EXPOSURE

PPM Effects & Symptoms Time

35 Permissible Exposure Level 8 hours
200 Slight headache, discomfort 3 hours
400 Headache, discomfort 2 hours
600 Headache, discomfort 1 hour
1000-2000 Confusion, Discomfort 2 hours
1000-2000 Tendency to stagger 1 1/2 hours
1000-2000 Slight palpitation of the heart 30 minutes
2000-2500 Unconsciousness 30 minutes
4000 FATAL Less than 1 hour
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Life Threatening Effects of Toxic Gas:
EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S) EXPOSURE

PPM Effects & Symptoms Time

10 Permissible exposure level 8 hours
50-100 Mild eye irritation, mild 1 hour
respiratory irritition
200-300 Marked eye irriation, marked 1 hour
respiratory irritation
500-700 Unconsciousness, DEATH 1/2 - 1 hour
>1000 Unconsciousness, DEATH Minutes
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Life Threatening Effects of Toxic Gas:
SULFUR DIOXIDE SO
2

Properties : Colorless gas with a sharp, pungent odor that is produced
when sulfur or sulfur - containing materials are burned

Description : Heavier than air, it is most often found at the ground level of
confined spaces

Health Hazards : Irriates the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. Immediately fatal in
concentrations above 400 ppm.

Exposure Limits : STEL - 5 ppm, TWA - 2 ppm over an eight hour shift

IDLH : IDLH = 100 ppm
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Toxic Gas Density
There are gases heavier than air that can be found at
the bottom of a confined space
Hydrogen Sulfide
(heavier than air)
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Toxic Gas Density
There are gases lighter than air that can be found at the
top of a confined space
Hydrogen Sulfide
(heavier than air)

Methane Combustible Gas
(lighter than air)
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Toxic Gas Density
There are gases that are with the same weight as air
that could be found throughout a confined space

Methane Combustible Gas
(lighter than air)
Hydrogen Sulfide
(heavier than air)
Carbon Monoxide
(slightly lighter than air)
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Basic Gas Monitoring
Conditions in a confined space can change without
warning due to:
Leakage
Toxic vapor release
disturbing the contents of the space
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Toxic Gas Density
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Toxic Gas Density
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Toxic Gas Density
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Basic Gas Monitoring
Bottom
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Basic Gas Monitoring
Middle
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Basic Gas Monitoring
Top
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Multi-Gas Tester
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Common Type of Respirator
Filtering Facepiece
Air Purifying
Respirator
High Efficiency
Purifying Air Filter
(HEPA)
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Common Type of Respirator
FULL BODY SUIT
CANISTER TYPE
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR)
Common Type of Respirator
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Supplied Air Respirator (SAR)
Best for IDLH atmosphere
Common Type of Respirator
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Supplied Air Respirator (SAR)
Full Facepiece Pressure
Demand SCBA certified by
NIOSH for a minimum
service life of 30 minutes
Best for IDLH atmosphere
Common Type of Respirator
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Combination Full
Facepiece Pressure
Demand SAR with
Auxiliary Self-Contained
Air Supply
Best for IDLH atmosphere
Common Type of Respirator
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Hazards in Confined Space
Atmospheric
The quality of air in the
confined space
Other Hazards
Temperature (too hot/cold),
noise, radiation, insecure
footing, stagnant, air, poor
lighting, presence of animals
(snakes, rats, etc.)
Mechanical, Electrical
Chemical
Hazards created when equipment is not isolated
from other energy sources.
Engulfment/Drowning
Being trapped or buried by
particles such as liquid, sand,
etc.
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Engulfment/Drowning Hazards
Leakage
Not familiar with confined space
content and configuration
disturbing the contents of the space
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Engulfment/Drowning Hazards
Plan entry during pre-entry briefing
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Confined Space Entry Training Course

ENTRY BY
PERMIT ONLY
Engulfment/Drowning Hazards
Wear harness and life line
Make sure rescue equipment
and procedures are in place
Maintain good communication
with attendant
Follow entry permit requirements
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Hazards in Confined Space
Atmospheric
The quality of air in the
confined space
Other Hazards
Temperature (too hot/cold),
noise, radiation, insecure
footing, stagnant, air, poor
lighting, presence of animals
(snakes, rats, etc.)
Mechanical, Electrical
Chemical
Hazards created when equipment is not isolated
from other energy sources.
Engulfment/Drowning
Being trapped or buried by
particles such as liquid, sand,
etc.
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Mechanical, Electrical, Chemical Hazard
Danger of having uncontrolled energy sources
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Mechanical, Electrical, Chemical Hazard
Plan energy control and power lockout during
pre-entry briefing
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Energy Control & Power Lockout
Lockout:
Shutting off all of the energy to a machine
Releasing or blocking any stored energy
Placing a lockout device on the energy
isolating device to ensure that the energy
isolating device and the equipment being
controlled can not be operated until the
lockout device is removed.
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Energy Control & Power Lockout
Lock & Hasp Lock, Hasp & Tag Switch Lock
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Energy Control & Power Lockout
Valve Lock
Valve Lock
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Tagout:
Tags may communicate other information,
such as persons lock numbers, names,
departments, equipment identification, and
reason why equipment is down.
Process of placing tags on machinery to warn
workers not to start of operate the equipment
Energy Control & Power Lockout
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
MEN
WORKING
ON
MACHINERY
Energy Control & Power Lockout
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Hazards in Confined Space
Atmospheric
The quality of air in the
confined space
Other Hazards
Temperature (too hot/cold),
noise, radiation, insecure
footing, stagnant, air, poor
lighting, presence of animals
(snakes, rats, etc.)
Mechanical, Electrical
Chemical
Hazards created when equipment is not isolated
from other energy sources.
Engulfment/Drowning
Being trapped or buried by
particles such as liquid, sand,
etc.
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Other Confined Space Hazards
NOISE HAZARD Hearing protection
required
EAR
PROTECTION
REQUIRED
THERMAL
STRESS
HEAT STRESS & HEAT STRAIN - Protection
required
BIOHAZARD - Medical waste; DO NOT
TOUCH
RADIOACTIVE - Do not touch or move
equipment
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Radiation Hazard
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Hazards in Confined Space
Atmospheric
The quality of air in the
confined space
Other Hazards
Temperature (too hot/cold),
noise, radiation, insecure footing,
stagnant, air, poor lighting,
presence of animals (snakes,
rats, etc.)
Mechanical, Electrical
Chemical
Hazards created when equipment is not isolated
from other energy sources.
Engulfment/Drowning
Being trapped or buried by
particles such as liquid, sand,
etc.
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Course Objectives
Be able to recognize a confined space and identify all
hazards associated with confined space
Focusing efforts on critical confined space hazards
and applicable parameters
Be able to plan according to confined space entry
requirements
Eliminate ignorance and complacency
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Objectives
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
CSE Program Elements
A written plan/procedures (Management Commitment)
Hazard Identification (Entry Permit)
Posting of Confined Spaces (Placards/Signages)
Confined space testing equipment (Multi-Gas)
Confined space rescue equipment (Hoisting/Hooter)
Hazard protection (PPE)
Subcontractor information and policies (Subcontractor)
Employee training (Confined Space Entry)
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
CSE Program Elements
A written plan/procedures (Management Commitment)
Purpose
Scope
References
The Confined Space Entry Process
Confined Space Hazards
Atmospheric Parameters
The Entry Permit
Confined Space Hazard Management
Confined Space Testing & Rescue Equipment
Training Requirement
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
CSE Program Elements
First Aid Station & Kit (Section 6.2.2, S-000-1654-108)
A first aid kit suitable for trauma response
Mobile stretcher (canvas or foldable type)
Neil Robinson stretcher (confined space) or
equivalent
Instruction on emergency first aid treatment
Telephone
Logbook (for recording of treatment)
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
CSE Program Elements
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Confined Space Entry Training Course

ENTRY BY
PERMIT ONLY
Hoisting and
extrication
equipment
CSE Program Elements
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
CSE Program Elements
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Course Objectives
Be able to recognize a confined space and identify all
hazards associated with confined space
Focusing efforts on critical confined space hazards
and applicable parameters
Be able to plan according to confined space entry
requirements
Eliminate ignorance and complacency
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Middle East Work Environment
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Confined Space Entry Training Course
Date :___________________
Evaluation Instrument
Name :___________________
Company :___________________
HAZARD IDENTIFIED ACTION STEPS PERSON
RESPONSIBLE
1.
2.
3.

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