2 Confined Space Entry Training Course Confined Space Situationaire five workers died from toxic gas inhalation when they entered an effluent tank in an industrial area... Unconfirmed reports put the number of people admitted to the hospital at two. When it was noticed that the first person who went in failed to come back, the others followed one by one but none returned, a visibly shaken worker said. Five Die 3 Confined Space Entry Training Course Course Objectives Identify all hazards associated with confined space construction activity Focusing efforts on critical confined space control measures Be able to plan according to confined space entry requirements Eliminate ignorance and complacency 4 Confined Space Entry Training Course An enclosed space that is large enough for a person to enter and perform work, may have limited or restricted means for entry or exit and is not designed for continuous human occupancy. Confined Space Defined 5 Confined Space Entry Training Course Definition Designed for Continuous Employee Occupancy A space, such as a room in a building, that is specifically designed for the purpose of accommodating people under normal living or working condition This is specifically intended to rule out rooms that are designed as a part of a building that may otherwise fit the definition of a confined space 6 Confined Space Entry Training Course Permit Required Confined Space A permit required confined space is a confined space as defined previously plus one of the following: contains or has known potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere Contains a material with potential for engulfment Is constructed to make it possible to be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging wall or because a floor slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross section Contains any recognized, or potentially serious, safety or health hazard 7 Confined Space Entry Training Course Definition 8 Confined Space Entry Training Course Definition 9 Confined Space Entry Training Course Definition 10 Confined Space Entry Training Course
Definition 11 Confined Space Entry Training Course Definition 12 Confined Space Entry Training Course Definition 13 Confined Space Entry Training Course Definition 14 Confined Space Entry Training Course Definition 15 Confined Space Entry Training Course Sample Hazard Identification Underground Water Tank Supply Line Water Pump Discharge Line Suction Line Water Level @ 10 ft. 16 Confined Space Entry Training Course Underground Water Tank Sample Hazard Identification 17 Confined Space Entry Training Course Hazards in Confined Space Atmospheric The quality of air in the confined space Other Hazards Temperature (too hot/cold), noise, radiation, insecure footing, stagnant, air, poor lighting, presence of animals (snakes, rats, etc.) Mechanical, Electrical Chemical Hazards created when equipment is not isolated from other energy sources. Engulfment/Drowning Being trapped or buried by particles such as liquid, sand, etc. 18 Confined Space Entry Training Course Atmospheric Hazards Atmospheric Hazards Refers to the gases, vapors, mists, fumes, and dusts within a confined space that meets any of the following criteria: Combustible gas concentration less than 10% of the LEL; Toxic air concentration in excess of the permissible exposure limits as published by OSHA. Oxygen concentration less than 19.5% or greater than 23.5%; 19 Confined Space Entry Training Course Glossary of Terms Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) The maximum 8- hour time weighted average of any airborne contaminant to which an employee may be exposed. It is listed when it is more stringent than the current TLV (as listed in 29 CFR 1910 Sub Part Z). 20 Confined Space Entry Training Course STEL (Short Term Exposure Limit) the concentration to which it is believed that workers can be exposed continuously for a short period of time or is a 15-minute TWA exposure which should not be exceeded at anytime during a workday. Glossary of Terms 21 Confined Space Entry Training Course Ceiling the concentration that should not be exceeded during any part of the working exposure. Glossary of Terms 22 Confined Space Entry Training Course Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health a maximum concentration above which only a highly reliable breathing apparatus providing maximum worker protection should be permitted. Glossary of Terms 23 Confined Space Entry Training Course LEL (Lower Explosive Limit) lowest concentration (air-fuel mixture) at which a gas can ignite. Concentration lower this limit is too lean to burn. Glossary of Terms 24 Confined Space Entry Training Course UEL (Upper Explosive Limit) The highest concentration that can be ignited. Above this concentration, the mixture is to rich to burn. Glossary of Terms 25 Confined Space Entry Training Course % COMBUSTIBLE GAS BY VOLUME: COMBUSTIBLE GAS LEL,% by vol. METHANE 5.0 % PENTANE HEXANE GASOLINE 1.5 % 1.1 % 1.4 % PROPANE 2.1 % Atmosphere Explosive Check 26 Confined Space Entry Training Course O 2 Sufficient-Deficient Atmosphere
Oxygen Deficiency: An atmospheric oxygen Concentration below 19.5 % (oxygen def.), or Above 23.5 % (oxygen Enrichment).
POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF OXYGEN-SUFFICIENT AND DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERES
Oxygen Content Effects and Symptoms (% by Volume) (At Atmospheric Pressure)
>23.5% Oxygen enriched, extreme fire hazard 20.9% Oxygen concentration in normal air 19.5% Minimum permissible oxygen level. 15-19% Decreased ability to work strenuously. May impair coordination and may induce early symptoms in persons with coronary, pulmonary, or circulatory problems. 10-12% Respiration further increases in rate and depth, poor judgement, lips blue. 8-10% Mental failure, fainting, unconsciousness, ashen face, blueness of lips, nausea, and vomiting. 6-8% 8 minutes, 100% fatal; 6 minutes, 50% fatal; 4-5 minutes, recovery with treatment. 4-6% Coma in 40 seconds, convulsions, respiration ceases, death.
These values are approximate and vary as to the individual's state of health and his physical activities. 27 Confined Space Entry Training Course Threshold Limit Values Toxic Gas TWA S TEL Ceiling IDLH Ammonia (NH 3 ) 25 ppm 35 ppm -- 500 ppm Carbon Monoxide (CO) 25 ppm -- 200 ppm 1,500 ppm Chlorine (Cl 2 ) 0.5 ppm 1 ppm -- 30 ppm Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) -- 4.7 ppm -- 50 ppm Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) 10 ppm 15 ppm -- 300 ppm Nitric Oxide ( NO) 25 ppm -- -- 100 ppm Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2 ) 2 ppm 5 ppm -- 100 ppm Toxic Gas: An atmospheric concentration of any toxic gas which is above the OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) as outlined below: 28 Confined Space Entry Training Course Life Threatening Effects of Toxic Gas: EFFECTS OF CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)EXPOSURE
PPM Effects & Symptoms Time
35 Permissible Exposure Level 8 hours 200 Slight headache, discomfort 3 hours 400 Headache, discomfort 2 hours 600 Headache, discomfort 1 hour 1000-2000 Confusion, Discomfort 2 hours 1000-2000 Tendency to stagger 1 1/2 hours 1000-2000 Slight palpitation of the heart 30 minutes 2000-2500 Unconsciousness 30 minutes 4000 FATAL Less than 1 hour 29 Confined Space Entry Training Course Life Threatening Effects of Toxic Gas: EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S) EXPOSURE
PPM Effects & Symptoms Time
10 Permissible exposure level 8 hours 50-100 Mild eye irritation, mild 1 hour respiratory irritition 200-300 Marked eye irriation, marked 1 hour respiratory irritation 500-700 Unconsciousness, DEATH 1/2 - 1 hour >1000 Unconsciousness, DEATH Minutes 30 Confined Space Entry Training Course Life Threatening Effects of Toxic Gas: SULFUR DIOXIDE SO 2
Properties : Colorless gas with a sharp, pungent odor that is produced when sulfur or sulfur - containing materials are burned
Description : Heavier than air, it is most often found at the ground level of confined spaces
Health Hazards : Irriates the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. Immediately fatal in concentrations above 400 ppm.
Exposure Limits : STEL - 5 ppm, TWA - 2 ppm over an eight hour shift
IDLH : IDLH = 100 ppm 31 Confined Space Entry Training Course Toxic Gas Density There are gases heavier than air that can be found at the bottom of a confined space Hydrogen Sulfide (heavier than air) 32 Confined Space Entry Training Course Toxic Gas Density There are gases lighter than air that can be found at the top of a confined space Hydrogen Sulfide (heavier than air)
Methane Combustible Gas (lighter than air) 33 Confined Space Entry Training Course Toxic Gas Density There are gases that are with the same weight as air that could be found throughout a confined space
Methane Combustible Gas (lighter than air) Hydrogen Sulfide (heavier than air) Carbon Monoxide (slightly lighter than air) 34 Confined Space Entry Training Course Basic Gas Monitoring Conditions in a confined space can change without warning due to: Leakage Toxic vapor release disturbing the contents of the space 35 Confined Space Entry Training Course Toxic Gas Density 36 Confined Space Entry Training Course Toxic Gas Density 37 Confined Space Entry Training Course Toxic Gas Density 38 Confined Space Entry Training Course Basic Gas Monitoring Bottom 39 Confined Space Entry Training Course Basic Gas Monitoring Middle 40 Confined Space Entry Training Course Basic Gas Monitoring Top 41 Confined Space Entry Training Course Multi-Gas Tester 42 Confined Space Entry Training Course Common Type of Respirator Filtering Facepiece Air Purifying Respirator High Efficiency Purifying Air Filter (HEPA) 43 Confined Space Entry Training Course Common Type of Respirator FULL BODY SUIT CANISTER TYPE 44 Confined Space Entry Training Course Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR) Common Type of Respirator 45 Confined Space Entry Training Course Supplied Air Respirator (SAR) Best for IDLH atmosphere Common Type of Respirator 46 Confined Space Entry Training Course Supplied Air Respirator (SAR) Full Facepiece Pressure Demand SCBA certified by NIOSH for a minimum service life of 30 minutes Best for IDLH atmosphere Common Type of Respirator 47 Confined Space Entry Training Course Combination Full Facepiece Pressure Demand SAR with Auxiliary Self-Contained Air Supply Best for IDLH atmosphere Common Type of Respirator 48 Confined Space Entry Training Course Hazards in Confined Space Atmospheric The quality of air in the confined space Other Hazards Temperature (too hot/cold), noise, radiation, insecure footing, stagnant, air, poor lighting, presence of animals (snakes, rats, etc.) Mechanical, Electrical Chemical Hazards created when equipment is not isolated from other energy sources. Engulfment/Drowning Being trapped or buried by particles such as liquid, sand, etc. 49 Confined Space Entry Training Course Engulfment/Drowning Hazards Leakage Not familiar with confined space content and configuration disturbing the contents of the space 50 Confined Space Entry Training Course Engulfment/Drowning Hazards Plan entry during pre-entry briefing 51 Confined Space Entry Training Course
ENTRY BY PERMIT ONLY Engulfment/Drowning Hazards Wear harness and life line Make sure rescue equipment and procedures are in place Maintain good communication with attendant Follow entry permit requirements 52 Confined Space Entry Training Course Hazards in Confined Space Atmospheric The quality of air in the confined space Other Hazards Temperature (too hot/cold), noise, radiation, insecure footing, stagnant, air, poor lighting, presence of animals (snakes, rats, etc.) Mechanical, Electrical Chemical Hazards created when equipment is not isolated from other energy sources. Engulfment/Drowning Being trapped or buried by particles such as liquid, sand, etc. 53 Confined Space Entry Training Course Mechanical, Electrical, Chemical Hazard Danger of having uncontrolled energy sources 54 Confined Space Entry Training Course Mechanical, Electrical, Chemical Hazard Plan energy control and power lockout during pre-entry briefing 55 Confined Space Entry Training Course Energy Control & Power Lockout Lockout: Shutting off all of the energy to a machine Releasing or blocking any stored energy Placing a lockout device on the energy isolating device to ensure that the energy isolating device and the equipment being controlled can not be operated until the lockout device is removed. 56 Confined Space Entry Training Course Energy Control & Power Lockout Lock & Hasp Lock, Hasp & Tag Switch Lock 57 Confined Space Entry Training Course Energy Control & Power Lockout Valve Lock Valve Lock 58 Confined Space Entry Training Course Tagout: Tags may communicate other information, such as persons lock numbers, names, departments, equipment identification, and reason why equipment is down. Process of placing tags on machinery to warn workers not to start of operate the equipment Energy Control & Power Lockout 59 Confined Space Entry Training Course MEN WORKING ON MACHINERY Energy Control & Power Lockout 60 Confined Space Entry Training Course Hazards in Confined Space Atmospheric The quality of air in the confined space Other Hazards Temperature (too hot/cold), noise, radiation, insecure footing, stagnant, air, poor lighting, presence of animals (snakes, rats, etc.) Mechanical, Electrical Chemical Hazards created when equipment is not isolated from other energy sources. Engulfment/Drowning Being trapped or buried by particles such as liquid, sand, etc. 61 Confined Space Entry Training Course Other Confined Space Hazards NOISE HAZARD Hearing protection required EAR PROTECTION REQUIRED THERMAL STRESS HEAT STRESS & HEAT STRAIN - Protection required BIOHAZARD - Medical waste; DO NOT TOUCH RADIOACTIVE - Do not touch or move equipment 62 Confined Space Entry Training Course Radiation Hazard 63 Confined Space Entry Training Course Hazards in Confined Space Atmospheric The quality of air in the confined space Other Hazards Temperature (too hot/cold), noise, radiation, insecure footing, stagnant, air, poor lighting, presence of animals (snakes, rats, etc.) Mechanical, Electrical Chemical Hazards created when equipment is not isolated from other energy sources. Engulfment/Drowning Being trapped or buried by particles such as liquid, sand, etc. 64 Confined Space Entry Training Course Course Objectives Be able to recognize a confined space and identify all hazards associated with confined space Focusing efforts on critical confined space hazards and applicable parameters Be able to plan according to confined space entry requirements Eliminate ignorance and complacency 65 Confined Space Entry Training Course Objectives 66 Confined Space Entry Training Course CSE Program Elements A written plan/procedures (Management Commitment) Hazard Identification (Entry Permit) Posting of Confined Spaces (Placards/Signages) Confined space testing equipment (Multi-Gas) Confined space rescue equipment (Hoisting/Hooter) Hazard protection (PPE) Subcontractor information and policies (Subcontractor) Employee training (Confined Space Entry) 67 Confined Space Entry Training Course CSE Program Elements A written plan/procedures (Management Commitment) Purpose Scope References The Confined Space Entry Process Confined Space Hazards Atmospheric Parameters The Entry Permit Confined Space Hazard Management Confined Space Testing & Rescue Equipment Training Requirement 68 Confined Space Entry Training Course CSE Program Elements First Aid Station & Kit (Section 6.2.2, S-000-1654-108) A first aid kit suitable for trauma response Mobile stretcher (canvas or foldable type) Neil Robinson stretcher (confined space) or equivalent Instruction on emergency first aid treatment Telephone Logbook (for recording of treatment) 69 Confined Space Entry Training Course CSE Program Elements 70 Confined Space Entry Training Course
ENTRY BY PERMIT ONLY Hoisting and extrication equipment CSE Program Elements 71 Confined Space Entry Training Course CSE Program Elements 72 Confined Space Entry Training Course Course Objectives Be able to recognize a confined space and identify all hazards associated with confined space Focusing efforts on critical confined space hazards and applicable parameters Be able to plan according to confined space entry requirements Eliminate ignorance and complacency 73 Confined Space Entry Training Course Middle East Work Environment 74 Confined Space Entry Training Course Date :___________________ Evaluation Instrument Name :___________________ Company :___________________ HAZARD IDENTIFIED ACTION STEPS PERSON RESPONSIBLE 1. 2. 3.