A Brief Study on Rivet and Riveted Joints

Group Presentation By
Deep Prakash Bhagat
Kumar Nishant Gupta
Saanchi Jain
Yamini Mathur
Pranshu Sharma
What is Rivet
A rivet is a round rod of circular cross section. It consist of two parts
HEAD and SHANK.





Metals Commonly used for rivets are mild steel, wrought Iron, Copper
and Aluminium alloys etc.
What is Riveting ?
Riveting is the process of forming a riveted
joint. For this, a rivet is first placed in the
whole drill through the two parts to be joint
then the shank end is made into a rivet
head by applying pressure.


Process of Riveting

Caulking and Fullering
Caulking: Operation of burring
down the edges of the plates
and heads of the rivets to form
a metal to metal joint
Fullering is a better option
TYPES OF RIVET HEADS

Indian standard heads for general purposes(length of shank=2.5D to 10 D )
(see:1929 and :2155 for preffered length combination)

Types of Riveted Joints
There are two types of riveted joints.
1. Riveted Lap Joint :- In lap Joints one
plate overlaps the other and in
drawing are shown in different
planes. All the rivet pass through
both plates. The Joint is known as
single riveted. If there is one row of
rivets then it is called single riveted.
If there are two rows of rivets then
it is called double riveted.

Lap joint

Rivet

(a): Single
rivet lap joint

Rivet location

Rivets

b): Double riveted
l(lap joint, chain

Riveted butt Joint :- In butt
joints ends of the main plates
butt up against each other and
may be considered as lying in
the same plane. One or two
strap or cover plates are placed
over the joint and riveted to
each plate. If there is one cover
plate it is known as single strap
butt joint and if there are two
cover plate it is known as
double strap butt joint.

Butt Joints are stronger than lap Joints and are generally
Used for joining thick plates

Butt joint
Use of Rivets :-
Rivets joints are permanent fastenings and riveting is one of the
commonly used method of producing rigid and permanent joints.
Manufacturing of boilers, storage tanks, etc.
These joints are also used to fasten rolled steel sections in structural
works, such as bridge and roof trusses.
Important Terms Used in Riveted Joints
The following terms in connection with the riveted joints are important from the subject
point of view :
1. Pitch. It is the distance from the centre of one rivet to the centre of the next rivet measured
parallel to the seam as shown in Fig. It is usually denoted by p.

2. Transverse pitch. It is the perpendicular distance between the centre lines of the successive
rows as shown in Fig. It is usually denoted by pt

3. Diagonal pitch. It is the distance between the centres of the rivets in adjacent rows of zig-zag
riveted joint as shown in Fig. It is usually denoted by pd.

4. Margin or marginal pitch. It is the distance between the centre of rivet hole to the nearest
edge of the plate as shown in Fig. It is usually denoted by m.
CASES OF FALIURE OF RIVETS
Under tensile strength or tearing resistance of plate per pitch.
P(t) = (p-d)*t*f(t)

Where,
P = Tearing resistance of plate per pitch
p = Pitch
t = Thickness of plate
f(t) = permissible tearing strength
CASES OF FALIURE OF RIVETS
Under shearing resistance of plate per pitch
Rivet resistance to shear = (/4)d*d*f(s)
P(s) = (/4)d*d*f(s)

Where,
P(s) = shearing resistance of plate per pitch
d = Diameter of rivet hole
f(s) = permissible shearing strength
CASES OF FALIURE OF RIVET
Under crushing resistance of plate per pitch.
P(c) = (nd)*t*f(c)

Where,
P(c) = Tearing resistance of plate per pitch
n = no of rows of rivet
t = thickness of plate
f(c) = permissible crushing strength
Emprical Proportions of dimensions of riveted joints
Diameter of rivets.
the diameter of the rivet hole (d) may be determined by using

Thickness of plate

t = Thickness of the plate
Distance of centre of the rivet from edge of the plate = 1.5d

Margin , m=d
Longitudinal Pitch p=3d
Transverse pitch pt = 0.8P for chain riveting
= 0.6P for zig-zag riveting
Thickness of butt strap.
Single cover plate t1 = 1.125 t
Double cover plate t2 = 0.7 to 0.8t
PROPER DIMENSIONING OF RIVETS
IMPROVING ITS FAILURE DEFECTS

We can do proper
dimensioning of rivets after
Studying and improving its
failure defects..
EFFICIENCY OF RIVET JOINT
= Least value of P(t),P(s),P(c)
Strength of un-riveted plate


Where,
Strength of un-riveted plate = (t)*pt
JOINTS EFFICIENCIE(%)

DISADVANTAGES OF LAP
AND SINGLE STRAP BUTT
JOINT
The disadvantages in lap joint is that when
the plates are in tension owing to their not
being in the same plane, a couple acts
about the rivets, tending to bend the joint.
The single strap butt joint also suffers the
same problem. Beside, this joint has further
disadvantage that it can be caulked only on
one side and therefore, single strap butt
joints should never be used for boiler
purposes.
Even in other applications it is rarely used.