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What is GSM?
Global System for Mobiles(GSM) is a second generation cellular system
standard.
Why GSM?
Global System for Mobiles(GSM) was designed to solve fragmentation
problems in the first cellular systems in Europe.
GSM services follow ISDN guidelines and are classified as either teleservices
or data services. (What does ISDN stand for? )
Bearer services or Data services which are limited to layers 1,2 & 3 of the OSI
reference model. Supported services include packet switched protocols and
data rates from 300 bps to 9.6 kbps (The data rate in our labs! :P)
Transparent Mode-GSM provides standard channel coding for the user data
Non Transparent Mode-GSM offers special coding efficiencies based on the particular
data interface.
Call diversion
Closed User Groups
Caller Identification
Supplementary services also include SMS which allows GSM subscribers and base stations
to transmit alphanumeric pages of limited length (160 7 bit ASCII characters) while
simultaneously carrying normal voice traffic. SMS also provides cell broadcast which
allows GSM base stations to repetitively transmit ASCII messages with as many as fifteen
93-character strings in concatenated fashion.
Frequency of Operation
935-960 MHz
1805-1880 MHz
Cell (BTS) To Mobile Down Link
890-915 MHz
1710-1785 MHz
GSM Specifications
Carrier Separation
- 200 KHz
Duplex Distance
- 45 MHz
No. of RF Carriers
- 124 / 374
Modulation Method
- GMSK
Access Method
- TDMA/FDMA
Speech Coding
ARFCN
The available forward and reverse frequency bands are divided into 200kHz wide
channels called as Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Numbers(ARFCNs).
The ARFCN denotes a forward and reverse channel pair which is separated by 45
MHz and each channel is time shared between as many as eight subscribers
using TDMA.
GSM-Air Interface
Eight subscribers use the same ARFCN and occupy a unique Timeslot (TS)
per frame.
Radio transmissions are done at a data rate of 270.833 kbps using binary
BT=0.3 GMSK modulation.
Thus the signaling bit duration is 3.692 s, and the effective channel
transmission rate per user is 33.854 kbps(With GSM overhead the actual
transmission rate is 24.7 kbps).
TDMA Frame
Each TS has an equivalent time allocation of 156.25 channel bits but of this
8.25 bit of guard time and 6 total start and stop bits are provided to prevent
overlap with adjacent time slots.
(Normal)Speech Multiframe
2047
Superframe = 26 51 multiframes
6.12 Seconds
0
50
0
25
26 Multiframe
51 Multiframe
120 mS
Approx 235 mS
24
25
48
49
50
TDMA frame
0
4.615 mS
Physical Channel
Thank You!