STATISTICS

MOHANASUNDARI MUNIANDY
PARAMES MARIAPPAN
YEEMA MOHGAN

WHAT IS STATISTICS?
Statistics is the formal science of
making effective use of
numerical data relating to groups of
individuals or experiments.
It deals with all aspects of this,
including not only the collection,
analysis and interpretation of such
data, but also the planning of the
collection of data, in terms of the
design of surveys and experiments.

A SURVEY ABOUT HOW ELAUNS

SPEND BY FUTURE TEACHERS
The criteria:
Books
Foods
Accessories
Outdoor activity
Shopping
Saving
Transport

THE SURVEY
RESULT

SURVEY OF HOW ELAUNS SPEND BY FUTURE TEACHERS

NUMBER

CRITERIA

NUMBER OF FUTURE TEACHERS

MALE

FEMALE

1)

BOOKS

2)

FOODS

3)

ACCESSORIES

4)

OUTDOOR
ACTIVITY

5)

SHOPPING

6)

SAVING

7)

TRANSPORT

TOTAL

30

MEASURES OF
CENTRAL
TENDENCY

NUMBER

MEASURES OF
CENTRAL TENDENCY

EXPLANATION

MODE

The value of data with

the highest frequency

FOOD

MEAN

= Sum of all the

values of data
Number of data

= f(x)
f
= 30
7
= 4.29

MEDIAN

The centre value of a

set of data after the
data are arranged in
ascending or
descending order.

ANSWER

VISUAL
PRESENTATION 1

SURVEY OF HOW ELAUNS SPEND BY

FUTURE TEACHERS
7
6
5
MALE
4
3

2
1
0

FEMALE

THE ADVANTAGES OF BAR

CHART

Visually strong
Easy to prepare
Good communication tool
Easily understood by all parties
estimate key values at a glance
clarify trends better than do tables
Clearly show error values in the data
It can be very clear and easy to read.
It shows the total plan in impact form.

 summarize a large data set in visual form

Can easily compare two or three data sets
show each data category in a frequency
distribution
Bar graphs are used to highlight separate
quantities
Labeling for clarification possible with
horizontal bar graphs
display relative numbers or proportions of
multiple categories
be easily understood due to widespread
use in business and the media
permit a visual check of the accuracy and
reasonableness of calculations

THE DISADVANTAGES OF BAR

CHART
Use only with discrete data,
require additional explanation,
be easily manipulated to yield false
impressions,
Limited space for labeling with vertical
bar graphs,
Do not show interrelationships between
activities,
fail to reveal key assumptions, causes,
effects, or patterns

 Graph categories can be reordered to

emphasize certain effects,
Managing projects becomes difficult
without those relationships between
activities,
It is difficult to judge the impact of an
unexpected event on the rest of the
construction process,
Can be tempting to compare too many
things, graph becomes convoluted and
difficult to understand.

VISUAL
PRESENTATION 2

THE ADVANTAGES AND

DISADVANTAGES OF PIE CHART
ADVANTAGES
Visually appealing
Shows percent of total for each category
be easily understood

DISANVANTAGES
No exact numerical data
Hard to compare 2 data sets
"Other" category can be a problem
Total unknown unless specified
Best for 3 to 7 categories

THE BEST VISUAL

PRESENTATION
Bar chart is the best visual presentation
method to display from a research
project.
SURVEY OF HOW ELAUNS SPEND BY
FUTURE TEACHERS
7
6
5
MALE
4
3

2
1
0

FEMALE

REASONS
Bar chart is visually strong and can be
seen clearly so that comparison is done
easily.
It is also can be easily prepared by only
using the number of respondens in the
survey.
our survey in bar chart clarify trends
better than doing tables or presenting in
pie charts.
Bar chart also will clearly show error
values in the survey.

 There is no need to depend on the

explanation because it is very
sistematic.
Bar chart is a summarize of a large data
set in visual form.
Bar chart will show each datas
categories in a frequency distribution.
Bar chart also display relative numbers
or proportions of multiple categories in
correct order.

THANK YOU