7 QC TOOLS

Check Sheet
Pareto Chart
Cause-and-Effect Diagram
Histogram
Scatter Diagram
Flow Chart / (Stratification)
Control Chart
Check Sheet is used to
easily collect data.
Decision-making and
actions are taken from
the data
 Pareto Chart is used to
define problems, to set
their priority, to illustrate
the problems detected,
and determine their
frequency in the process.
 Pareto Principle
Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923) Italian
economist
– 20% of the population has 80% of the wealth
Juran used the term “vital few”. He noted
that 20% of the quality problems caused
80% of the loss.

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 PART WISE PARETO – DEC-09
PARTWISE REJECTION
70 100 100
95
90
60
79 80

50 70

60
40 58
Q
Y
T

36

%
M
U
C
50
30
40

20 30
13
10
20
10
3
10

0 0
BOLT YOKE Rack Bush Gear Box Assy Bkt Top
Qty. Cumm %
 Cause-and-Effect
Diagram
is used to figure out any
possible causes of a
problem. After the major
causes are known, we can
solve the problem
accurately.
 Cause & Effect Diagram
Show the relationships between a problem
and its possible causes.
Developed by Kaoru Ishikawa (1953)
Also known as …
– Fishbone diagrams
– Ishikawa diagrams

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 Cause and effect diagrams
Advantages
– making the diagram is educational in itself
– diagram demonstrates knowledge of problem
solving team
– diagram results in active searches for causes
– diagram is a guide for data collection
 Cause and effect diagrams

To construct the skeleton, remember:

For manufacturing - the 4 M’s
man, method, machine, material
For service applications
equipment, policies, procedures, people
 CAUSE & EFFECT DIAGRAM

Clamping pressure
People less
Machine
Concentratio
Health n Operation
Spirit Clamping Spindle
Illnes Arbor distance R/O
s Education Attentivenes R/o more
Skills s Inspectionmore Jigs & Tools

Training Inexperience Chips Cutter Symm. of

Dim.32+0.0.05
wear more
Component Hardness more
Quality of Loose Wrong measurement
material Form clamping
Setting
Storage
Hardness less Working
Wrong location
Speed( RPM less
Parts & Materials Methods than 800)
 CAUSE & EFFECT DIAGRAM

Clamping pressure
People less
Machine
Concentratio
Health n Operation
Spirit Clamping Spindle
Illnes Arbor distance R/O
s Education Attentivenes R/o more
Skills s Inspectionmore Jigs & Tools

Training Inexperience Chips Cutter Symm. of

Dim.32+0.0.05
wear more
Component Hardness more
Quality of Loose Wrong measurement
material Form Clampin
g
Setting
Storage
Hardness less Working
Wrong location
Speed( RPM less
Parts & Materials Methods than 800)
Histogram shows a bar
chart of accumulated
data and provides the
easiest way to evaluate
the distribution of data.
 Scatter Diagram is a
graphical tool that plots
many data points and
shows a pattern of
correlation between two
variables.
 Scatter Diagram
To analyze the situation which able to see
the congenial relationship of the data
through plotting the vertical axis and the
horizontal axis. It examines the
relationship between one data and other,
and level of the relationship.
Scatter Diagram

.
 Flow Chart shows the
process step by step
and can sometimes
identify an unnecessary
procedure.
Flow Chart
Activity

Yes
Decision

No

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Flowchart
 Control Chart provides
control limits which are
generally three standard
deviations above and
below average, whether or
not our process is in
control.
 Stratification
To classify the data in the same groups
which have a common matter of data, e.g..
For each machine, each material, each
operation method etc.
 Stratification
Division wise
Month wise
Machinery wise
Product wise
 27
Control Chart
24
UCL = 23.35
21
Number of defects

18 c = 12.67

15

12

6
LCL = 1.99
3

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Sample number