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Latitude L dd mm.mmm N
Longitude Lo ddd mm.mmm W
Course, Bearings, GPS are in TRUE
Distance nautical mile (M or NM)
1852 meters ~6076 feet ~ 2000 yards
1 of Latitude
Select Direction
True
Select Units
Nautical mile and knots
Prime Meridian
Equator
44 25.000 N
073 20.000 W
5
Why a Compass
The prudent mariner does not rely on any one
means of navigation
Needed to steer a course, GPS COG fluctuates
Backup in case of GPS failure, e.g. power failure
Coastal navigation courses will expand on usage
Compass Tips
Install largest compass possible
Easier to read and less susceptible to motion
Compass Adjustments
Procedure depart 000 compass, return on actual track and
remove error to 180 compass
Repeat until error is zero
Deviation
Cause magnetic fields from steel rails, steel wheels,
steel hardware, electrical wiring, and electronics are
added to the earths magnetic fields
Deviation is dependent on vessels heading (HDG)
12
True to Compass
Compass to True
True
Variation
Magnetic
Deviation
Compass
Add
West
T
V
M
D
C
A
W
True
Virgins
Make
Dull
Company
At
Weddings
Compass
Deviation
Magnetic
Variation
True
Add
East
C
D
M
V
T
A
E
Can
Dead
Men
Vote
Twice
At
Elections
13
True to Compass
Compass to True
145T
15W
160M
3W
163C
Add
West
T
V
M
D
C
A
W
True
Virgins
Make
Dull
Company
At
Weddings
310C
1W
309M
15W
294T
Add
East
C
D
M
V
T
A
E
Can
Dead
Men
Vote
Twice
At
Elections
14
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
15
000
015
030
045
060
075
090
105
120
135
150
165
180
2E
3E
5E
6E
5E
5E
3E
3E
2E
1W
2W
3W
4W
195
210
225
240
255
270
285
300
315
330
345
360
5W
6W
5W
4W
5W
4W
3W
2W
1W
1E
2E
2E
16
Finding Deviation
Technique is to steer a True course and knowing
variation, calculate deviation.
GPS COG can be used as True course, however;
Need 20kts to reduce error, worst case error still 2.86
degrees.
Easiest to steer towards fixed object, read and average
both compass and GPS.
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Origin
Tr
C
Destination
C or Course: Direction to be
Steered to achieve Tr
Wind
20
CMG
COG
Origin
Tr
Destination
Wind
21
HDG
HDG
C
Example of collision avoidance
22
Lets Review
GPS setup and conventions
24
26
WILLPT0
to
WILLPT3
27
28
GO TO NAVIGATION
31
When finished
Cancel with GOTO options
32
EXERCISE
View waypoints and route of the route youd previously
entered on a map screen if your GPS has the
capability
33
Example Route
34
Lets Review
35
Wind
Tr
COG
Shoreline
36
Tr
A
Shoreline
Next waypoint
39
Lets Review
Compass page only points towards waypoint
Possible for large deviation from track
40
Tracks
Tracks your electronic bread crumbs
41
Track Exercise
Exercise clear your GPSs track log
42
43