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The Physical World

Revision Notes

The Physical World


This unit is all about Rivers,
Coasts and Glaciers and how
these physical entities change
the land on which we live over
thousands of years.
In particular, you will need to
know in detail how various
land forms are created, and
the processes that help to
create the landforms.
A Landform is a particular
shape of the land resulting
from thousands of years of
change.
A process is a continuing force
that can change the natural
world.

Rivers How they change from


source to mouth
Outline all of the ways
that the following
change as a river
travels from source to
mouth. Say why they
change.
Velocity
Stone shape and size
Depth
Width
Gradient

Rivers How they change from


source to mouth

Watershed

Interlocking
spur

A diagram of the drainage


basin

The diagram on the right shows the


major changes downstream.
Describe the main features of the
diagram.
Describe the major landforms and
processes found in;
The Source region
The middle valley
The lower valley

Landforms in upper River Valleys Waterfalls

Explain how a water fall is created.

Landforms in upper River Valleys


V-shaped valleys
Explain how vertical erosion
can result in v shaped
valleys and Interlocking
spurs.

Landforms in the middle valley Meanders and


Ox-bow lakes

Produce a flow chart on how meanders can result in Ox-bow lakes.

Landforms in the middle valley


Floodplains and Levees

How do floods result in


floodplains and Levees?
What role does deposition play
in their formation?

Landforms in the lower valley


Estuaries and Deltas
What are the 2 main forms of Deltas?
How are they different?

What are
Glaciers?

Why do glaciers form?

How do Glaciers Move?

How do glaciers erode?


Describe how plucking works.

How do Glaciers erode?


Describe how
abrasion works.

How Corries Form


How do corries form?
Which processes help in
their formation?

How Corries form

Landforms Created by Glaciers.

How do glaciers create U shaped valleys?

Glacial Landforms
How are interlocking spurs found in
river valleys transformed into
truncated spurs found in glaciated
valleys?

Glacial Landforms
What is hanging valley?

Hanging Valleys
These are the valleys of tributary
(smaller) glaciers that are left high
above the floor of the main glacier.
You often get waterfalls here.

The Changes Glaciers make to River Valleys

Describe how glaciers transform river valleys.

Additional Diagrams

The coastal system


Coasts are dynamic
environments that have
inputs of sediment and
losses of sediment.
The major processes
are;
Erosion- Hydraulic
action, corrosion,
abrasion, attrition.
Weathering Chemical,
biological and physical.
Define all of these key
terms.

Coastal Landforms - Erosion

How are cliffs and wave cut


platforms created by sea
erosion processes?

Coastal Landforms - Erosion


Stacks

Describe how over time a


cliff face can be transformed
into a stack.

Coastal Landforms - Erosion

Softer rock

Produce a flow chart on Cove


formation.

Harder Rock

Lulworth Cove

Coastal landforms - Deposition


Compare destructive and
constructive waves and the
beaches they create.

Coastal Landforms -Deposition

What is longshore drift and how


does it help create Spits?

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