FIRE FIGHTING

KEC NCC

Definition
Firefighting is the act of extinguishing fires.
A firefighter suppresses and extinguishes fires to
prevent loss of life, and/or destruction of property
and the environment.

Fire fighter requires years of training

Hazards caused by fire

Smoke: synthetic materials cause huge smoke
Oxygen deficient atmosphere:

21% O2 is normal, 19.5% O2 is considered oxygen deficient.

Elevated temperatures
Toxic atmospheres

FIRE TRIANGLE
Oxygen

Fuel

Heat

THE TYPES OF FIRE

Ordinary Fire <A>

Flammable Liquids <B>

Electrical Fire <C>
Combustible Metals <D>
Cooking Oils <K or F>

TYPES OF FIRES

( CONTD..)

TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Water
Dry Powder
Carbon Di Oxide
Aqueous Film-Forming foam ( AFFF Foam )
Halon

WATER

( Class A)

Most commonly used extinguisher

Usually used with Pressurizes air APH ( Rated of basis of Area Coverage )

Nitrogen is used to pressurize the water

Vaporizes on Contact with fire and this vapour displaces the oxygen leaving
the fire with insufficient combustive agent to continue, and it dies out.

the vaporization of water absorbs the heat; it cools the smoke, air, walls and
objects that could act as further fuel.( Evaporative Cooling )

DRY CHEMICALS ( Class BC )

Dry Chemicals
Class BC

Class ABC

Sodium or Potassium Bi Carbonate

( Corrosive residual )
Mono Ammonium Phosphate
( Yellow Sticky residual )

Carbonates Decompose at 158 Fahrenheit to produce CO2

The foam formed will provide additional insulation retarding further Fire

CARBON DI OXIDE
It is a non flammable gas
Highly pressurized some times dry bits of ice shoots out
Co2 is colder and heavier to oxygen, So it displaces oxygen and cools the fuel
thereby removing heat from the fuel

AFFF

Aqueous Film Forming Foam

Lower the temperature and cut off oxygen supply

Low expansion foam

: Low viscosity, Spillage Fires

High Expansion Foam :

Ratio 20- to 1000

Combustible materials - magnesium, titanium, uranium, potassium, calcium,

sodium, and lithium

HALON
Commonly seen Yellow Color powder extinguisher
Being a Inert gas, it forms strong chemical bonds which also retards the
temperature

It leaves no residue, so it is used to protect valuable equipment's

It has higher environmental Impact ( Ozone Depletion )

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

(CONTD.)

FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS

Fire extinguishers
Water
Bucket
Sand
Earth

FIRE FIGHTING PARTIES

Fire fighting party

Fire piquet party
Salvage party
Reserve party

First Aids for Fire Accidents

CPR ( cardio pulmonary resuscitation )
Smoke Inhalation Treatment
Burn treatment
Remove any jewelry from a burned area
Remove clothing from the injured area.

Keep the patient covered

Do not put ice on the burn ( can lead to frostbite )