Variables and Constants

Knowledge:
Understand the concept of storage location representation as
identifiers

Skill:
Identify and define data types in C programs

Computer Science Department

FTSM

Lets recap

Introduction

Which one is the preprocessor

instruction?

Consider the following

example:
Which
one is the main
function?
#include <stdio.h>

void main() {
printf(Welcome to UKM\n);
}
TK1913-C Programming

C Program Structure
Preprocessor
Instruction
Global
Pengisytiharan
Declaration
globl

Still remember
this diagram?

void main (void)

{
Pengisytiharan
setempat
Local Declaration
Statement
}
TK1913-C Programming

Identifiers
Identifiers are:

Variable

Constant

Function

Others

TK1913-C Programming

Identifiers
Syntax Rules:

Consist of only letters, digits and underscores

Cannot begin with a digit

Cannot use C reserved words

Try not to use/redefine C standard identifiers

What What
are C are
standard
C
reserved
identifiers?
words?
TK1913-C Programming

Identifiers
C Reserved Word

A word that has special meaning in C

C Standard Identifier
A word having special meaning but may be
redefined (but is not recommended!!)
Examples of reserved word:
int, void, double, return

Examples of standard identifiers:

printf, scanf
TK1913-C Programming

Variable
A

name associated with a memory

cell whose value can change

Needs

to be declared:

variable_type variable_name;
Example: int x;
int entry_time, charge;
TK1913-C Programming

Variable
Types of variable:

Character: char

Integer: int

Whole numbers (e.g. +16, 568, -456)

Float: float

An individual character value a letter, a digit or a

symbol (e.g. A, 4, *)

A real number which has a decimal point (e.g. 8.00,

3.1416)

High-level Float: double

TK1913-C Programming

Variable
Variable Declaration:
Example 2:
1:

char letter;
float
matric;
letter is isa character-type
matric
a ??? variable variable

TK1913-C Programming

Variable
Example:
Calculate and display the price of a number of
apples if the quantity in kg and price per kg are
given.
Input:

quantity and price_per_kg

Output:

price

Process:

price = quantity * price_per_kg

TK1913-C Programming

10

Variable
Example:
int quantity;

Why did we
declare it as int?

float price_per_kg;
float price;

TK1913-C Programming

Why did we
declare them as
float?
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Variable - Value Assignment

Example:
int number1, number2;
number1 = 25;
number2 = 23;
number1 = number2;

TK1913-C Programming

number1

25
23
?

number2

23
?

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Variable - Value Assignment

Algorithm
variable expression
Syntax
variable = expression;
Rules
Expressions type must be the same as variables type

Valid Example:
int x;
x = 12;
TK1913-C Programming

Invalid Example:
int y;
y = 5.75;
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Variable - Value Assignment

Example:
int quantity;
float price_per_kg, price;

How does this

program work?

quantity = 5;
price_per_kg = 4.50;
price = quantity * price_per_kg;

TK1913-C Programming

14

Variable - Value Assignment

Example:
int quantity;
float price_per_kg, price;

quantity

price_per_kg 4.50
?

quantity = 2;
price_per_kg = 4.50;
price = quantity * price_per_kg;

TK1913-C Programming

?
2

price

9.00
?

15

Variable - Value Assignment

Example:
int number1, number2;

How does this

program
segment work?

number1 = 25;
number2 = 23;
number1 = number2;

TK1913-C Programming

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Constant

A value that will not change

Consists of:

Float (e.g. 2.3 2.73F 1.2e-5)

Integer (e.g. 3 67 -2)
Character(e.g. z 3 $ \n)
String (e.g. UKM 1 5a)

TK1913-C Programming

17

Exercise
To practice what youve
learned, try exercises on
page 83 (Latih Diri)
from Pengaturcaraan C

TK1913-C Programming

18

End of Lecture 4
Whats next? INPUT AND
OUTPUT on the way

If you want to excel:

revise chapter 4
read chapter 5 & 6 for next week
Otherwise, you may watch tv, sleep etc. as a
preparation for next week classes.

TK1913-C Programming

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