HIV / AIDS AWARENESS

By
Dr. Ikenna Williams

24th November 2013

www.oandoplc.com

HIV / AIDS AWARENESS

Looks very grim yet real

Every 24 hrs / 8000 deaths

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Human

Immunodeficiency

Virus

Acquired
I

Immuno

Deficiency
S

Syndrome
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HIV Transmission
HIV enters the bloodstream through:

Open Cuts
Breaks in the skin
Mucous membranes
Direct injection
Common fluids that are a means of transmission:
Blood
Semen
Vaginal Secretions
Breast Milk
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HIV in Body Fluids

Blood
18,000

Semen
11,000

Vaginal
Fluid
7,000

Amniotic
Fluid
4,000

Saliva
1

Average number of HIV particles in 1 ml of these body fluids

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HIV does not spread by:

Normal social contact
>Shaking hands
>Sharing clothes/towels
>Living together in the same house / hostel
>Sharing toilets
>Eating together
>Through mosquitoes bites
Sharing equipment (telephone, computers, machines etc.)
Kissing
>Does not spread by social kissing as viral load in saliva is low
>In the presence of ulcers in the mouth or bleeding gums ; deep
kissing or french kissing may be risky.

Routes of Transmission of HIV

Sexual Contact:

Male-to-male

Male-to-female or vice versa

Female-to-female
Blood Exposure:

Injecting drug use/needle sharing

Occupational exposure
Transfusion of blood products

Perinatal:

Transmission from mom to baby

Breastfeeding
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HIV-Infected T-Cell

HIV
Virus

T-Cell

HIV Infected
T-Cell

New HIV
Virus

Window Period

This is the period of time after becoming infected

when an HIV test is negative
90 percent of cases test positive within three
months of exposure
10 percent of cases test positive within three to
six months of exposure

HIV Infection and Antibody Response

---Initial Stage------------------Intermediate or Latent Stage------------ ---Illness Stage---

Virus
Antibody

Infection
Occurs

6 month

~ Years

~ Years

~ Years

~ Years
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Importance of Early Testing and Diagnosis

Allows for early treatment to maintain and

stabilize the immune system response

Decreases risk of HIV transmission from mother

to newborn baby
Allows for risk reduction education to reduce or
eliminate high-risk behavior

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HIV Testing

Requires a blood sample

HIV test detects the bodys antibody response to
HIV infection
The test does NOT detect the HIV virus

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HIV Testing

Those recently exposed should be retested at

least six months after their last exposure
Screening test (EIA/ELISA) vs. confirmatory
test (IFA)
EIA/ELISA (Reactive)
Repeat EIA/ELISA (Reactive)
IFA (Reactive)
Positive for HIV
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HIV Testing
EIA/ELISA
Test
Positive

Negative
No HIV Exposure
Low Risk

Repeat
Positive

HIV Exposure
High Risk
Negative

Repeat ELISA
Every 3 months
for 1 year

Repeat every
6 months for continued
High risk behavior
End Testing

Negative

Positive

Indeterminate
Repeat at
3 weeks

Run IFA
Confirmation

Negative
Repeat at
2-4 months

Positive

HIV
+
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Statutes on HIV testing

Requires informed consent

No premarital testing requirement
Prenatal testing not required but recommended
School notification not required for positive staff
or students (universal precautions)
No pre employment testing( no discrimination)
Refer to Oando HIV policy
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HIV

AIDS

Once a person is infected they are always

infected. No cure yet but hope in research
Medications (ART) are available to prolong life
but they do not cure the disease
Anti Retroviral Therapy is life long; the key is
compliance to the daily dosing

Those who are infected are capable of infecting

others without having symptoms or knowing of
the infection
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HIV Risk Reduction

Avoid drug and alcohol use to maintain good

judgment
Dont share needles/sharps used by others for
Drugs
Tattoos
Body piercing
Pedicure / manicure / hair weaving
Avoid exposure to blood products

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Condoms

Using condoms is not 100 percent effective

in preventing transmission of sexually
transmitted infections including HIV
Condoms = Safer sex

Condoms Safe sex

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Condom Use

Should be used consistently and correctly

Should be either latex or polyurethane
Should be discussed with your partner before
the sexual act begins
Should be the responsibility of both partners
for the protection of both partners
Male and female condoms are available

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People Infected with HIV

Can look healthy

Can be unaware of their infection
Can live long productive lives when their
HIV infection is managed
Can infect people when they engage in
high-risk behavior

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HIV Exposure and Infection

Some people have had multiple exposures

without becoming infected
Some people have been exposed one
time and become infected

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When you have sex with

someone, you are having sex
with everyone they have had
sex with for the last ten years.
Former Surgeon General

C. Everett Koop

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HIV and Sexually

Transmitted Diseases

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HIV and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

STDs increase infectivity of HIV

A person co-infected with an STD and HIV
may be more likely to transmit HIV due to an
increase in HIV viral shedding

More white blood cells, some carrying HIV,

may be present in the mucosa of the genital
area due to a sexually transmitted infection

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HIV and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

STDs increase the susceptibility to HIV

Ulcerative and inflammatory STDs
compromise the mucosal or cutaneous
surfaces of the genital tract that normally
act as a barrier against HIV
Ulcerative STDs include: syphilis,
chancroid, and genital herpes
Inflammatory STDs include: chlamydia,
gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis
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HIV and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

The effect of HIV infection on the immune system
increases the risk of STDs
A suppressed immune response due to HIV can:
Increase the reactivation of genital ulcers
Increase the rate of abnormal cell growth
Increase the difficulty in curing reactivated or
newly acquired genital ulcers
Increase the risk of becoming infected with
additional STDs

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Revenue

Thank You
FOR FURTHER INFO, PLEASE
CONTACT THE EHSSQ DEPT
OR
DR IKENNA -08083119643
DR BEN - 08035519239

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