Introduction to

TCP/IP

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1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Agenda

What Is TCP/IP?

IP Addressing

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What Is TCP/IP?
A suite of protocols
Rules that dictate how packets
of information are sent across
multiple networks

Addressing
Error checking

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IP

Internet Protocol (IP)

Determines where packets are routed
based on their destination addresses
Breaks packets into smaller packets
and reassembles them

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TCP/IP Transport Layer

CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP

21 FTPFile Transfer Protocol

23 Telnet
25 SMTPSimple Mail Transfer Protocol
37 Time
69 TFTPTrivial File Transfer Protocol
79 Finger
103 X400
161 SNMPSimple Network Management Protocol
162 SNMPTRAP
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TCP/IP Applications
Application layer
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Remote Login (Telnet)
E-mail (SMTP)

Transport layer
Transport Control Protocol (TCP)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Network layer
Internet Protocol (IP)

Data link & physical layer

LAN Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, etc.
WAN Serial lines, Frame Relay, X.25, etc.
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TCP Transmission Control

Protocol

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UDP User Datagram Protocol

Unreliable
Fast
Assumes application will retransmit on error
Often used in diskless workstations

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ICMP Ping

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IPv4 Addressing

32-bit addresses
Commonly expressed in dotted
decimal format (e.g., 192.168.10.12)
Each dotted decimal is commonly
called an octet (8 bits)

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IP AddressingThree Classes

Class A: NET.HOST.HOST.HOST
Class B: NET.NET.HOST.HOST
Class C: NET.NET.NET.HOST

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IP AddressingClass A
10.222.135.17

Network # 10
Host # 222.135.17
Range of class A network IDs: 1126
Number of available hosts: 16,777,214

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IP AddressingClass B
128.128.141.245

Network # 128.128
Host # 141.245

Range of class B network IDs:

128.1191.254
Number of available hosts: 65,534
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IP AddressingClass C
192.150.12.1

Network # 192.150.12
Host # 1
Range of class C network IDs:
192.0.1223.255.254

Number of available hosts: 254

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IP Network Address Classes

Class

# Networks

# Hosts

Example

126

16,777,214

01111111

00000000 00000000 00000000

16,384

65,534

10111111

11111111

00000000 00000000

2,097,152

254

11011111

11111111

11111111

Class A

35.0.0.0

Class B

128.5.0.0

Class C

132.33.33.0

CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP

00000000

Host Address Space

Network Address Space

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IP Subnetting

Subnets allow routing

by ranges

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IP Subnet Mask
Given:
Address = 131.108.2.160

Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0

Subnet = 131.108.2.0

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IP Address Assignment

ISPs assign addresses to customers

IANA assigns addresses to ISPs
CIDR block: bundle of addresses

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IPv6 Addressing

128-bit addresses
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 addresses

Example: 5F1B:DF00:CE3E:E200:0020:0800:5AFC:2B36
Example: 0:0:0:0:0:0:192.1.1.17

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Summary
TCP/IP is a suite of protocols
TCP/IP defines communications between
computers on the Internet
IP determines where packets are routed
based on their destination address
TCP ensures packets arrive correctly
at their destination address
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Presentation_ID

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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