Construction Admin.

& Management

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Construction Health & Safety

Introduction

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Health and Safety is the Basic Need

Maslows hierarchy of Needs

Source :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow's_hierarchy_of_needs

Introduction (Contd.)
Who is responsible for health and safety ?

Everyone!!

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Introduction(Contd.)

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Health and safety Facts

Work related Injuries, by Industry, 2008(per 1000 Employed People)

Source: International Labour Organization (ILO) LABORSTA Internet

Introduction(Contd.)
Causes for Const. Health Hazards

Exposure of workers to Electricity Lines

Falling from scaffolding,

Slipping, tripping and using unstable ladders

Careless during excavation and trenching

Ignorance and lack of training

Lack of discipline

Lack of communication

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Introduction (contd.)
Impacts of Const. Health Hazards

Increase in Project schedule & budget

Decrease Project Quality & ROI

Damage to equipment, plant and materials

Decrease productivity of injured workers

Decrease Reputation of the Constructor

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Hazards/Risks at Construction Site

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Construction Site Hazards

Major construction site hazards (identified by OSHA):

Electrical

Excavation and trenching

Falls

Stairways and Ladders

Scaffolding

Heavy Construction Equipments

Hazards/Risks at Construction Site

Construction Site Health Hazards

(Source: OSHA)

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Safe Work Practices at Const. Site

A strong health and safety practices in

construction workplace culture consist of:

Competence,
Commitment
and capacity of the organisation

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Safe Work Practices at Const. Site

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Electrical
Use proper Electrical tools
Keep safe working distance
away from the power lines

Excavation & Trenching

(Source: OSHA)

Protection system
Sloping
Trench Boxes
Shoring
(Source: Google)

Safe Work Practices at Const. Site

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Falls

Parapet Wall with minimum

height of 0.9 m.
Guard Rail with toe boards
Use Full Body Harness Belt

Stairs & Ladders

Employers must comply with

OSHAs general rule for the safe

use of ladders and stairways.
Source: Google

Hazards/Risks at Construction Site

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Scaffolding

The right scaffolding system

should be selected.

Factors to be considered

Site condition,

Height of scaffolds to be
erected

Requirement of the pedestrian

traffic etc.

Source: Google

Hazards/Risks at Construction Site

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Heavy Construction Equipment

Workers should always wear

appropriate safety equipment
such as boots, hardhat, and

high reflected vest.

Cranes should be
Operated by certified worker.
Check load charts prior to use.
Maintain a safe working
clearance
Safety Equipments
(Source: Google)

Best Practice for Controlling Hazards

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Purpose- To mitigate available hazards

The Fundamental Method- to control exposures to
occupational hazards
Employer shall Ensure- proper information and
safety tolls are available to the workers
OSHA (Occupational Health & Safety Act) requiresemployers use the hierarchy of controls

Best Practice for Controlling Hazards

Hierarchy of Controls

(Source: Health Hazard in Construction Workbook - OSHA)

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Best Practice for Controlling Hazards

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Elimination & Substitution

Elimination of Hazard and substitution with safe
alternative
Most effective and protective in reducing hazard
Easy and not costly to implement in early
development stage
Difficult and expensive during construction

Best Practice for Controlling Hazards

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Elimination & Substitution (Cont.)

Examples:

Using and equipment which can automate the

process to remove/isolate worker from hazard

(Source: Google)

Best Practice for Controlling Hazards

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Engineering Controls

Can be used to remove hazard or place a safety barrier

Provides high effectiveness in protecting workers who

work close to hazards

Eng. Controls provide higher safety then admin.

controls and PPE

If used being used continuously and more frequently,

overall

cost

effectiveness

can

be

reduced

with

increased

Best Practice for Controlling Hazards

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Engineering Controls (Cont.)

Examples: Wet Method, Dust Suppression & Collection Systems

(Source: Health Hazard in Construction Workbook - OSHA)

Wet cutting method - reduce average 94 percent of dust level

Dust collection systems reduce dust but but not as sufficient as

wet system

Best Practice for Controlling Hazards

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Administrative Controls

Helpful to the organization to control the hazard

exposure and the severity if exposed

It is workplace procedures such as safety policies,

rules, supervision, schedules, and safety trainings
about hazards and how to control them.

Provides information about available hazards as well

has how to handle them carefully

Best Practice for Controlling Hazards

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Administrative Controls (Cont.)

This controls includes:

Information about hazards, warning signs, personal

protective equipment, etc. before starting work.

Isolation of work areas when required

Providing WHIMS training

Inspections and maintenance of equipment.

(Source: Health Hazard in Construction

Workbook - OSHA)

Best Practice for Controlling Hazards

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Controls

Necessary when other controls do not effectively

control the hazard

Minimizes exposure to specific occupational hazards

Employers should provide required PPE

It only places a barrier between the worker and the

hazard - not the most effective safety measure

The hazard still exists, and worker is not protected if

right PPE is not worn properly

Best Practice for Controlling Hazards

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Controls(Cont.)

Some examples of appropriate PPE are respirators, gloves,

aprons, fall protection, and full body suits, as well as head,

eye and foot protection

(Source: Google)

Construction Health and Safety System in Canada and

Ontario

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Health and Safety Legislation:

Federal:

Canada Labour Code

Transport of Dangerous Goods Act and Regulation (TDG)

Hazardous Products Act and the Hazardous Materials

Information Review Act Workplace Hazardous Materials
Information System (WHMIS)

Canada Criminal Code (Bill C-45)

Provincial (Ontario):

Occupational Health and Safety Act

Construction Health and Safety System in Canada and

Ontario

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Canada Labour Code

Has three parts
Enforced by Federal Ministry of Labour
2nd Part Occupational Health and Safety To prevent employment related
accidents and injuries

Duties of Employer 45 general and specific duties of employers first-aid

facilities, portable water, sanitary and personal facilities, prescribed safety

materials, equipment devices, and clothing etc.

Duties of Employees To take precautions to ensure health and safety, Allows

to refuse to use or operate a machine or performing an activity constitutes a
danger

Investigations Requirement, regulations and procedures for investigation of

an incident Punishment to violate, 2 year jail and a $1,000,000 fine

Construction Health and Safety System in Canada and

Ontario

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Criminal Code Bill C-45

Federal Legislation (became law on March 31, 2004)
An amendment in criminal code
Everyone who undertakes, or has the authority, to direct how another
person does work or perform a task is under a legal duty to take
reasonable steps to prevent bodily harm to that person, or any other
person, arising from that work or task
Applies to all organizations and individuals who direct the work of
others, anywhere in Canada

Construction Health and Safety System in Canada and

Ontario

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Ontario Legislation
Occupational Health and Safety Act

Act came into force in 1979

Act enforced by Ontario Ministry of Labour

Main objective is to facilitate a strong Internal Responsibility System (IRS) in

the workplace

Team of Directors and Inspectors of Health and Safety Branch enforce the Act
and Regulations in the Province

Inspector can issue a Stop Work Order, Ticket

Inspectors decision can be appealed to the Ontario Labour Relation Board

Ontario Regulation for Construction Projects Occupational Health and Safety Act

Ontario Regulation 213/91 Construction Project

Construction Health and Safety System in Canada and

Ontario

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Right of Workers
The Right to Know

Workers must be informed about any serious hazard

The Right to Participate

Joint Health and Safety Committees

Health and Safety Representatives

The Right to Refuse

Workers can refuse to work due to potential danger

Refuse to use an equipment in hazardous situation

Certified Joint Health and Safety Committee can stop the work if dangerous

Construction Health and Safety System in Canada and

Ontario

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Health and Safety Representative & Joint Health and Safety

Committee
Health and Safety Representative

Regular workers exceed 5

Representative is selected among the workers

Workers not involved in managerial function select the representative

Required to inspect the workplace once a month to identify and hazard

Joint Health and Safety Committee

Regular workers exceed 19 and project is expected to last 3 months or more

2 Members Workers 20 to 49

4 Members Workers 50 Plus

At least half members required do not exercise managerial functions

Roles and Responsibilities

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Duties of Constructor
Ensure that every employer and every worker performing work on the
project complies with the Act and its regulations.
Ensure that Health & safety of workers on project is protected.
Ensure that a health and safety representative or a joint health and safety
committee is selected or established, when and as required
Ensuring safety equipment is provided to workers and maintained.
Appointing a competent supervisor.
Informing supervisors and workers of possible hazards.
Preparing and maintaining a OH&S policy and reviewing it annually

Roles and Responsibilities

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Duties of Owner & Employer

Ensure that a list of all designated substances present at the project
before the prospective subcontractor or supplier enters into a
binding contract for the supply of work on the project
Monitor the efficiency of H&S measures implemented by the
Construction on project and notify any non-conformance.
Ensure safety equipment is provided to workers and maintained

Prepare and maintain a OH&S policy

Roles and Responsibilities

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Duties of Supervisor
Ensuring that workers comply with the OH&S Act and regulations.

Ensuring that workers use or wear safety equipment & clothing.

Advising workers of possible hazards.
Providing written instructions to workers, if applicable.
Taking every reasonable precaution to ensure the protection of
workers

Roles and Responsibilities

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Duties of Workers
Complying with the OH&S Act and regulations.
Properly use all PPEs provided by the employer.
Reporting hazards, such as defective equipment, to the supervisor.
Reporting any contraventions of the act or regulations.

Training & Education

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Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

(WHMIS)
Developed jointly by federal, provincial and territorial
legislation in 1988

Gives a complete and appropriate information about

hazardous materials used in the workplace
Materials that may cause fires, explosions, or health

problems are hazardous and named as controlled

products in WHMIS

Training & Education

Classification of Hazardous Materials by WHIMS

Six Classes of Hazardous/Controlled Products:

Class A : Compressed Gas
Class B : Flammable and Combustible Material
Class C : Oxidizing Material
Class D : Poisonous and Infectious Material
Class E : Corrosive Material

Class F : Dangerously Reactive Material

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Training & Education

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Classification of Hazardous Materials by WHIMS (Cont.)

Subdivision of Class B & Class D
Class B : Flammable and Combustible Material

Class D : Poisonous and Infectious Material

Division 1: Material Causing Immediate and

Division 1 : Flammable Gases

Division 1 : Flammable Liquids
Division 1 : Combustible Liquids
Division 1 : Flammable Solids
Division 1 : Flammable Aerosols
Division 1 : Reactive Flammable Materials

Serious Toxic Effects

Subdivision A : Very Toxic Material
Subdivision B : Toxic Material

Division 2: Material Causing Other Toxic

Effects
Subdivision A : Very Toxic Material
Subdivision B : Toxic Material
Division 3: Biohazards Infectious Material

Training & Education

WHIMS Hazards Symbols

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Training & Education

WHIMS Elements

Three Element:
Labels
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and
Worker education

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Training & Education

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WHIMS Elements (Cont.)

Labels:
Any mark, sign, device, stamp, seal, sticker, ticket, tag or wrapper
two types of labels :
Supplier labels:
Should be in both English and French
Seven information should be included: Product name, Supplier name, A
Reference to a material safety data sheet (MSDS), Hazard symbols, Risk
phrases, Precautionary measures and First aid measures
Workplace labels:
Needed if controlled product has been transferred from the original
container
Three types of information should be given: Product name, Safe handling
procedures, and Reference to the MSDS

Training & Education

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WHIMS Elements (Cont.)

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
A technical document or bulletin
Contains the health and safety information about a controlled product
Must be available and accessible to all workers and to the joint health
and safety committee, if any, or to a health and safety representative
[section 38(1)(a) and (b) of the Act]
Provide at least 9 (nine) information: product information, hazardous
ingredients, physical data, fire or explosion hazards, reactivity data,
toxicological properties, preventive measures, first aid measures and
preparation information

Training & Education

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WHIMS Elements (Cont.)

Worker Education
General duty of an employer to provide education [section
42(1) of Act]

Employer must discuss the joint health and safety committee

or a worker health and safety representative about the topic of
the education program [section 6(1) of the regulation]

Conclusions

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Investing and adopting strong safety Training & management programs can
Reduce injury rates,
Improve reputation, high staff morale and self reliance,
Reduce legal proceedings as well as
Improve ROI and decrease schedule and budget.
No. of Injury/1000 person

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

Year

Data Source: HRSDC calculations based on data from Association of Workers'

Compensation Boards of Canada. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2011

Construction Admin. & Management

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References:
International Labour organization retrieve from<http://www.ilo.org/>
McGraw Hill Construction Report on Safety Management in the construction site
Maslows hierarchy of needs, retrieve
from<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow's_hierarchy_of_needs>
Online Articles, retrieve from <http://EzineArticles.com/>
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and safety, retrieve
from<http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/prevention/ppe/designin.html>
Occupational Safety & Health Administration(OSHA), retrieve from <https://www.osha.gov/>
WORK SAFE BC , retrieve from<http://www.worksafebc.com/>
A Guide to the Occupational Health and Safety Act, Ontario, Queens Printers for Ontario, 2012
Canada Labour Code, R.S.C., 1985, c. L-2, Published by Minister of Justice
Occupational Health and Safety Act, Ontario Regulation 213/91, Construction Projects.
Retrieved 06-06-2014 from
http://www.elaws.gov.on.ca/html/regs/english/elawsregs910213e.htm
Ontario Ministry of Labour Website
A Guide for Joint Health and Safety Committees and Health and Safety Representatives in the
Workplace, Ontario.
Class Notes of Dr. Attalla.
Workplace Hazardous Material Information System (WHMIS).
Canadian Public Health Association, retrieved from
http://www.cpha.ca/en/programs/history/achievements/10-sw/safer.aspx

Construction Health & Safety

Thank You!
&
Questions?

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