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Electrical Work
Electric Potential Energy
Electrical Work
Electrical force on object 1 due to interaction
between charged objects 1 and 2:
F12 = ke
q1q2
r
2
12
r12
W1 = F12 d s12
A
PATH
INTEGRAL
4
Work and
Change in Kinetic Energy
W = DK
10
1 1
DU U B - U A = - F12 d s = -W = ke qs q1 -
A
rB rA
B
11
U() 0
Then set rA = and rB = r .
The potential energy difference between and any point on a
circle of radius r is
keqs q1
U (r) - U () = U (r) =
r
12
4.
DU < 0
14
Configuration Energy
What is the potential energy stored in a configuration of
charged objects? Start with all the charged objects at infinity.
Choose
U() 0
(1) Bring in the first charged object.
DU1 = 0
15
DU
F
DV
= - d s = - E d s
qt
q
A t
A
Demonstration
Van de Graaf
D29
Breakdown of dry air
33 kV/cm
Video of Tesla Coil
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FY-AS13fl30
18
1.5 V
High Voltage
Transmission Lines
100 kV-700
kV
Car Batteries
12 V
300 kV
US Outlet (AC)
120 V
Tesla Coil
500 kV
Distribution
Power Lines
120 V- 70
kV
Lightning
10-1000 MV
19
F = qE
To move a charged particle, (charge q), in a field
and the particle does not change its kinetic energy
then:
DU = qDV
20
4.
DU = qDV
Conservation of Energy Law:
Wext = DK + DU
23
Demonstration
Kelvin Water Drop in 26-152
Wimshurst Machine in 32-152
24
25
DV = VB - VA = - E d s
A
B dr
r
= - kQ 2 d s = -kQ 2
A
A r
r
1 1
= kQ -
rB rA
B
Take V = 0 at r = :
kQ
VPoint Charge (r) =
r
r
E = kQ 2
r
26
is positive.
is negative.
is zero.
can not be determined not enough info is given.
27
Potential Landscape
Positive Charge
Negative Charge
29
Continuous Charge
Distributions
30
dq
r
source
dq
V () = 0 V (P) = ke
r
source
31
3. Identify
d q = s d a
r d v
Worked Example
Consider a uniformly
charged ring with total
charge Q. Find the electric
potential difference between
infinity and a point P along
the symmetric axis a
distance z from the center of
the ring.
33
dq = l ds = l Rdq
Choose
V () = 0
r = z k
r = Rr
r - r = R2 + z 2
dq
1
l Rdq
dV =
=
4pe 0 r - r 4pe 0 R 2 + z 2
1
V (z) = kel
2p
Rdq
ke l R
R +z
R +z
ke 2p Rl
k eQ
V (z) =
=
2
2
R +z
R2 + z 2
0
dq
34
Group Problem
A thin rod extends along
the x-axis from x = -l /2 to
x = l/2 . The rod carries a
uniformly distributed
positive charge +Q.
Calculate the electric
potential difference
between infinity and at a
point P along the x-axis.
35