BAGIAN 2: THE APPROACH

Bab 2 Problem Solving in Engineering:

2.1 The Methodology of Engineering
Problem Solving
2.2 The Search for Solutions
2.3 The Engineering Process

Back Ground
Engineer Problem solver Solutions
Solutions: Product/ Device, Process, Plan/
Procedure
Product/Device: Engine, Machine, TV set,
Computer, Condom, Car, Train, Conveyor, etc.
Process: Producing detergent, cement, sugar,
paint, refining crude oil, etc.
Plan/Procedure: Inventory System, Plant
Layout, Maintenance Operation, etc.

Problem & Solution

Problem: degree complexity imagination
& creativity.
Engineering Analysis: ability to abstract
Engineer: identify, isolate simplified
representation of the original
problemmodel
Solution: not unique

BAGIAN 2: THE APPROACH

General procedure in engineering problem solving:
1. The problem must be understood ands defined, and the
information necessary for its solution obtained. This step
will generally involve abstraction and model
development.
2. The various solutions to the model problem must then be
determined or synthesized.
3. The validity of this solutions are examined and evaluated
for their suitability; from these solutions information
relevant to original problem statement is inferred.
4. Solution must be communicated to others in a form
suitable for implementation.

Definition
A problem is an expression of a desire to achieve
a transformation from one situation to another.
A solution is the means for achieving this
transformation.
Solution criteria are goals that provide a basis for
preference among solutions.
Solution constraints represent absolute
requirements that the solution must satisfy to be
acceptable.

Example 1:
Fuel economy: 25 mpg 50 mpg
Solutions: lightweight or new engine
design??
criteria: fuel consumption, cost, reliability
constraint/ restriction: exhaust emission or
safety standard

2.1 The Methodology of

Engineering Problem Solving
The steps of Engineering Problem Solving

Presentation of Results
Solution Verification
Solution Evaluation

Step 4
Step 3

Solution Synthesis

Step 2

Problem Definition
Data Collection
Model Development

Step 1

2.1.1 Step 1: Problem Definition

Engineering Problem: Vagueness, lack of
definition.
Essential elements of problem:
What is known and unknown,and what is
desired.
The most common mistake made by inexperienced engineers is to
leap immediately into analysis before adequately defining problem to
be solved

Activities: Extensive consultation with reference

materials and collegues, fact gathering,
observation, and careful thought

2.1.2 Step 2: Determination of

Solutions
Tools

Problem

formulated

specific problem statement

Engineering
Analysis

abstracted form
Model

simplified:
Assumptions
Approximations
Engineering
Solutions

2.1.3 Step 3: Validation and

Evaluation of Solutions
All solutions carefully verified or checked
{mathemathical analysis, logic, assumptions,
approximations}
This is due in part to the massive scale of
many engineering projects and their
impact on society disaster

2.1.4 Step 4: Presentation of

Results
1. A concise statement of problem
2. A brief statement of relevant engineering
principles
3. A list assumptions and approximations
4. A precise statement of simplified problem
5. The detail solution
6. A Verification of solution method
7. A discussion of implication of results and
possible conclusions.

2.2 The Search for Solutions

2.2.1 The Search
Mind set einstellung
open mind
write down ideas (or facts)
chunking (dicacah kecil-kecil)
modela diagram, a physical object, a mathematical
equation
Stuck change the form of the model
incubation

2.2.2 The Search for Technical

Information
Libraries:
Text Book, Proceeding, Transaction, Journal
Card Catalog
Abstract , Index
Standards : ASTM, ANSI, JIS, DIN, ANSI, etc
Codes : piping , pressure vessel, etc.
Patents
web site: key word, subject, link, etc.

2.2.3 Modeling and Simulation

Critical aspect engineering analysis involves
Complex Problems

Simple Models

Model is any simplified description of an engineering system or process that

can be used to aid in analysis or design.

Model

The form of a model is called its representation.

to focus on only its essential elements predict behavior of systems, communicate

the result of E.A, acquire A.E using bos, evaluate possible design alternatives

Model Representation or form:

1. Iconic Representation: Physical resemble system (3D or 2D)
2. Diagrammatic Representation: Not Physical resemble system
3. Graphical Representation
4. Mathematical models
5. Computer model

Simulation

Simulation is the application of models to acquire an

artificial experience with the behavior of system.

Model Development
1.
2.
3.

Abstraction
Synthesis
Verification

To isolate the essential components/ elements

idealized elements Basic sciences & Applied
sciences
Comparison with the known behavior of actual
systems

2.2.4 Optimization and Iteration

To determine the solution that optimizes
the solution criteria.
Conflicting solution criteria that demand a
compromise

A trade-off

Home Work !!!!!!

Chapter 1
Chapter 2
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kertas buram bleh!!

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2.3 Engineering Design Process

Deductive Logic

Inductive Logic

Research

Design

General Principle

Specific
Experiences

Device or
Process

Comparison of Steps in PS and ED

Steps in PS:
1. Problem definition
Data collection
Model Development
2. Solution synthesis
3. Solution verification
Solution evaluation
4. Presentation of results

Steps in ED:
1. Identification of need
Information search
2. Synthesis of possible
designs
3. Feasibility study
Preliminary design
Final design
4. Design documentation
(technical
spesifications)

2.3.1 Problem Definition:

Identification of Need

2.3.2 Solution Synthesis, Verification, and

Evaluation: Feasibility Study, Prelimaniry Design,
and Final Design

2.3.3 Design Iteration and

Optimization