WCDMA RNP Antenna Principle and Selection

Internal
WCDMA RNP Antenna

Principle and Selection
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 1
Review
Interface between radio transceiver and outside
propagation environment.
Antenna can transmit and receive radio waves.

Converts the RF currents to electromagnetic (EM)
waves;
Receives radio waves, and converts EM waves

to RF currents.
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 2
Objectives
From this course, we will be able to:
Learn the principle and classification of

antenna
Know some of characteristics of antenna
Study the rules for antenna selection
Understand the antenna selection for different

scenarios
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 3
Contents
Antenna Principle and Classification
Primary Technical Performances of the Antenna
Rules for Antenna Type Selection
Antenna Selection for Different Scenarios

Summary
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 4
Antenna location and function

Adjustable
support
Pole(50~114mm)
Connector, insulated airproof

tape, PVC insulated tape
Antenna and feeder

system figure
Board
antenna
Grounded
clip
Feeder(7/8)
Indoor jumper
Outdoor
jumper
Feeder
ladder
Thunder
protector
Feeder
clip
Feeder
window
HUAWEI Confidential
NodeB
Page 5
Antenna Work Principle
Based on the polarization mode:
Alternant circuit in the lead will radiate electromagnetic (EM) waves, the
radiation ability is related to the length and shape of lead.

When the length of lead is close to wave length, circuit in the lead will
increase greatly and radiate strong radio wave, we call this direct lead as
pole.
positive
negative
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 6
Antenna Classification
According to radiation direction
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 7
According to polarization direction:
Antenna polarization direction: electric field vector is the polarization
direction of EM wave
vertical polarization
horizontal polarization
+45 polarization
-45 polarization
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 8
According to polarization mode:

vertical polarization antennas (also called mono-polarization
antennas)
Cross polarization antennas (also called dual polarization
antennas).
dual polarization(+-45) antenna
single polarization (vertical) antenna
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 9
According to the outlines
whip antenna
plate antenna
cap antenna
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 10
paraboloid antenna
Contents
Antenna Classification and Classification
Primary Technical Performances of Antenna
Summary
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 11
Working Bands
in China and Europe
UL: 1920 ~ 1980 MHz
DL: 2110 ~ 2170 MHz
in North America
UL: 1850 ~ 1910 MHz
DL: 1930 ~ 1990 MHz
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 12
Antenna Gain
Gain is one of the most important indices of an

antenna. It indicates the antennas capability of
centralizing energy to a certain direction
dBi is defined as the energy centralizing capability of the

actual directional antenna (including omni antenna) in
relation to isotropic antennas, i means isotropic.
dBd is defined as the energy centralizing capability of the
actual directional antenna (including omni antenna) in
relation to dipole antennas, d means dipole.
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 13
Antenna Gain
As a passive device, antenna itself cannot increase
the energy of transmitted signals. It only can

centralize the energy to a certain direction by
combining the antenna dipoles and changing their
Isotropic
feeding mode
Dipole
Actual antenna
8.85dBd
2.15dB
2.15dBi
11dBi
ERP
EIRP
The actual antenna gain is 11dBi
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 14
Antenna Pattern
The graph describes the distribution of EM field of the

antenna transmission along the fixed distance on the
angular coordinates.
A pattern presented by transmission field intensity is

called field intensity pattern, a pattern presented by power
density is called power density pattern, and a pattern
presented by phase is called phase pattern.
Normally power density pattern is used in Mobile
communication system, it includes vertical pattern graph

and horizontal pattern graph
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 15
Antenna Pattern
Symmetric half-wave dipole Pattern
Top view
omni antenna pattern
side view
directional antenna pattern
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 16
Antenna Pattern
Beam width (BW) (called semi-power angle)

Front-to-back ratio
Zero-point filling
Upper side lobe suppression
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 17
Relationship between Wave Width and Gain
Antenna is an energy-centralizing device. The

enhancement of transmission in one direction means the
reduction of transmission in other directions. In general,
we can enhance the transmission strength in a certain

direction by reducing the horizontal lobe width so as to
increase the antenna gain. Under a given antenna gain,
the horizontal BW is in reverse proportion with the
Ga 10 lg 32400
vertical BW:
Ga : antenna gain, dBi;

B: vertical BW, degree .
: horizontal BW, degree.
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 18
Polarization Mode
Polarization is the transmission performance

describing the vector direction of EM field intensity.
Unless specific state, the space direction of electric
field vector is the polarization direction of EM wave.
The vector direction refers to the direction of
maximum transmission of antenna.
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 19
Polarization Mode
Single polarization antennas in WCDMA system adopt vertical

polarization, while dual polarization antennas use polarization
diversity to minimize the negative effect of multi-path fading in
the mobile communication system so as to improve the
quality of receiving signals. Dual polarization antennas in
WCDMA system usually use
45 cross polarization mode.
+/- 45)
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 20
Mechanical Down Tilt and Electric Down Tilt

Mechanical down tilt
electric down tilt
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 21
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
When the input impedance is not consistent with

the characteristic impedance, the reflected wave
and the incident wave overlap on the feeder and
form standing wave. The ratio between the
maximum value and the minimal value of the
adjacent voltage is VSWR. Big VSWR leads
communications distance shortened, at same time
reflection power returns to power amplifier (PA) of
transmitter. PA might be damaged.
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 22
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)

If A and Z o respectively stand for the input impedance
and nominal impedance of the antenna, the reflectance is
A o
A o
where VSWR
1
1
. The matching
feature of a port can also be indicated by Reflection

VSWR 1.5 : 1
Loss R.L.(dB) 20 lg . If
R.L.dB
Z o 50
will be 13.98
Forward: 10W
9.5 W
50 ohms
Reflection: 0.5W
80
ohms
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 23
Other Technical Performances
Port Isolation
Power Capacity
Input Interface of the Antenna
Passive Inter-modulation (PIM)
Antenna Size and Weight
Wind Load
Working Temperature and Humidity
Lightning Protection
Three-Proof Capability
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 24
Contents
Summary
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 25
Antenna Working Bands
Outdoor Antennas
Both WCDMA and DCS systems simultaneously
1710 ~ 2170 MHz

Only for WCDMA system
1920 ~ 2170 MHz
Indoor Antennas
for GSM/DCS/WLAN/WCDMA
800 ~ 2500 MHz
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 26
Principle for Antenna Beam Width Selection
Selection of beam width

horizontal beam : depends on the type design of NodeB
vertical beam: depends on antenna gain
In urban areas
3-sector vertex-excited NodeBs, 65 horizontal beam
width
6-sector vertex-excited NodeBs, 33 horizontal beam
width
In suburban areas
Page 27
HUAWEI Confidential
3-sector
center-excited NodeBs,
90 horizontal
beam
Principle for Polarization Mode Selection
urban area
dual polarization antennas
open mountainous areas and rural areas
vertical single polarization antennas
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 28
Principle for Downtilt Mode Selection

Comparison between Mechanical Downtilt and Electric Downtilt
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 29

Comparison between Preset Electricity Downtilt and Zero-Point Filling
The use of preset electric downtilt can shorten the

coverage range of the main lobe if the cell
coverage is planed to small.
Through zero-point filling, a kind of shaping

technology, we can obtain a good pattern. In this
case, the upper side lobe can be suppressed, so
this kind of antennas will influence other aspects.
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 30

Planning and Optimization of Downtilt Angle
For an omni antenna, we cannot adjust the

mechanical downtilt angle, but we can select preset
electricity downtilt angle antennas.
For a directional antenna, in different occasions,

requirements for the downtilt angle adjustment
range are different.
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 31
Principle for Front-to-back Ratio Selection
In occasions where NodeB sites are densely distributed, if

the back lobe is too big, it will be likely to cause pilot
pollution and the network quality will be influenced. In
urban areas, the antenna front-to-back ratio should be

25dB. In suburbs or rural areas, the antenna front-to-back
ratio can appropriately lower.
The front-to-back ratio is in reverse proportion to the

beam width. The narrower the beam is, the higher the
front-to-back ratio is.
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 32
Principle for Antenna Size Selection
Antenna size selection is mainly related
to the install ability
Firstly, the antenna size is related to the
technical level of manufacturers
Secondly, the antenna size is related to
the antenna gain
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 33
Principle for Antenna Impedance Selection
The input impedance of a combiner is 50. In order

to reduce the standing wave ratio, the characteristic
impedance of an antenna should match with the
input impedance, namely, it should be 50.
General, the characteristic impedance can meet this

requirement, but attention should be paid to this
index during selection or certification of new

antennas.
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 34
Contents
Summary
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 35
In WCDMA system, antenna selection is very important. Antennas

should be selected based on the practical situations such as the
NodeB design, network coverage requirements and interference
conditions.
Practical situations
In urban coverage
In sub-urban coverage
In rural coverage
In highway coverage
In indoor coverage
In offshore coverage
In tunnel coverage
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 36
In Urban Coverage
Huawei Recommendation
Frequency range: 1710 ~ 2170 MHz/45dual
polarization / 65horizontal BW/15 dBi

gain/preset 6electrical DT or 0 ~ 10adjustable
electrical DT and 0 ~ 15 adjustable mechanical
DT/upper side lobe suppression and zero-point

filling/25dB or higher front-to-back ratio.
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 37
In Suburban Coverage
Huawei Recommendation:
Select the specific antennas by referring to
antenna selection for urban areas and that for rural
areas depending on the distance between two
NodeBs and traffic density.
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 38

In Rural Coverage
Recommendation (for directional antennas):

Working frequency 1710 ~ 2170 MHz / dual or vertical
polarization / 90 horizontal beam width / 18 dBi
antenna gain / without preset downtilt / zero-point filling
Recommendation (for omni antennas): Working

frequency 1710 ~ 2170 MHz / vertical polarization / 11
dBi antenna gain / without preset downtilt / zero-point
filling
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 39
In Highway Coverage
Recommendation (for directional antennas): Working
frequency 1710 ~ 2170 MHz / vertical polarization / 30

horizontal beam width / high gain (for example: 21 dBi) /
without preset downtilt / zero-point filling
Recommendation (for 8-figure-shape antennas):

Working frequency 1710 ~ 2170 MHz / vertical
polarization / dual 70 horizontal beam width / 14 dBi
antenna gain / without preset downtilt / zero-point filling
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 40

For Highway Coverage
Recommendation (for heart-shape antennas):

Frequency range: 1710 ~ 2170 MHz/VP/2
10horizontal BW / 12 dBi gain / without preset DT
zero-point filling
S0.5/0.5 NodeB configuration with high-gain directional
antennas
8-figure-shape antennas
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 41
In Indoor Coverage
Recommendation (for omni antennas):

Frequency range: 800 ~ 2500 MHz/vertical polarization
(VP)/360horizontal BW, 90 vertical BW/2dBi gain.
Recommendation (for plate directional antennas):

Frequency range: 800 ~ 2500 MHz/vP/90horizontal BW,
60vertical BW/7dBi gain.
Recommendation (for log-periodical antennas):

Frequency range: 800 ~ 2500 MHz/VP/55horizontal BW,
50 vertical BW/11.5dBi gain.

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 42
In Offshore Coverage
Antenna Recommended:
frequency range: 1710 ~ 2170 MHz
30 horizontal BW
gain 21 dBi
without preset DT
zero-point filling
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 43

In Tunnel Coverage
Antenna Recommended
Frequency range: 800 ~ 2200 MHz
55/30horizontal BW
log-periodical type with gain 11.5 dBi
(consider sharing with GSM/DCS systems).
Leaky cable
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 44
Contents
Major Technical Performances of the Antenna
Principles for Antenna Type Selection
Summary
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 45
Summary
This course helps us:
To master antenna principle and classification
To master parameters of antenna
To understand the principles of antenna selection
To select antenna focusing on specific working

environments
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 46
Thank you
www.huawei.com

WCDMA RNP Antenna Principle and Selection

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

WCDMA RNP Antenna Principle and Selection

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Internal

WCDMA RNP Antenna

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Antenna can transmit and receive radio waves.

Receives radio waves, and converts EM waves

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Learn the principle and classification of

Know some of characteristics of antenna

Study the rules for antenna selection

Understand the antenna selection for different

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Antenna Selection for Different Scenarios

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Antenna location and function

Connector, insulated airproof

Antenna and feeder

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Antenna Work Principle

Based on the polarization mode:

radiation ability is related to the length and shape of lead.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

According to radiation direction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

According to polarization direction:

Antenna polarization direction: electric field vector is the polarization

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

According to polarization mode:

dual polarization(+-45) antenna

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

single polarization (vertical) antenna

According to the outlines

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

in China and Europe

UL: 1920 ~ 1980 MHz

DL: 2110 ~ 2170 MHz

UL: 1850 ~ 1910 MHz

DL: 1930 ~ 1990 MHz

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Gain is one of the most important indices of an

dBi is defined as the energy centralizing capability of the

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

As a passive device, antenna itself cannot increase

the energy of transmitted signals. It only can

The actual antenna gain is 11dBi

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

The graph describes the distribution of EM field of the

A pattern presented by transmission field intensity is

Normally power density pattern is used in Mobile

communication system, it includes vertical pattern graph

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

omni antenna pattern

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

directional antenna pattern

Beam width (BW) (called semi-power angle)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Relationship between Wave Width and Gain

Antenna is an energy-centralizing device. The

we can enhance the transmission strength in a certain

Ga : antenna gain, dBi;

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Polarization is the transmission performance

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Single polarization antennas in WCDMA system adopt vertical