Photogrammetry

(FG 3124)

Photogrammetry

H A Nalani
Faculty of Geomatics
Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka
HAN

Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

Introduction

Course Overview
30 hours (10 weeks)

Lecture Hours

Tuesday: 15.00 -16.00 Am

Wednesday: 13.00 14.00 Am
Thursday: 09.00 10.00 Am

Practical Hours

30 hours (10 for each

practical) individual

Credit Rating

3.0 credits

HAN

Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

Introduction

Course Overview
Assignments
Continuous Assessments: 3 (Best 2 out of
3)
Practical Assignments ( Based on the
practical exercises, Attendance is
compulsary)

Evaluation Criteria
Examination:

60%

Continuous Assessment: 10%

Practical:
HAN

30%
Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

Introduction

Core Contents
Differential formula for a Near Vertical
Photograph
Model Deformation
Introduction to Analytical Photogrammetry
Aerial triangulation
Analytical rectification using 2D projective
transformation
Digital Photogrammetry ( Softcopy
photogrammetry)
HAN

Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

Introduction

Contents - Practical
Measurements on Aerial Photograph
(PHOP 4)

Flight planning (PHOP 5)

Digital Photogrammetry Workstation
(PHOP 6)

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Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

Introduction

Basics of Photogrammetry

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Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

Introduction

Introduction
What is Photogrammetry?....

Photogrammetry is....
The art and science of obtaining
reliable measurement by means of
images.

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Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

Introduction

Introduction

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Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

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Introduction
Uses of Photogrammetry:
Topographic/ Thematic mapping
Thematic GIS data
Digital elevation models
Orthophotos
Land surveying

Other derived products

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Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

Introduction

Introduction
Types of image acquisition

Aerial image (aircraft) - (500m - 3000m

15km) metric camera, RS-sensor
Satellite image (300km 1000km) RSsensor

Terrestrial images with photo-theodolites ( 19th

century to beginning 20th century)
Close-range photogrammetry (metric (nonmetric)
film-cameras or digital cameras)

HAN

Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

Introduction

Introduction
Photo measurements and interpretation

Image maps, image rectification

Graphical photo evaluation (mapping)
Numerical evaluation (geom., coordinates)

Digital evaluation (geometry and semantics)

Instruments
Analogue (mechanical, optical)

Analytical plotters (AP)

Rectification devices
Digital photogrammetric workstations (DPWS)
with automation of many processes
HAN

Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

Introduction

Introduction
Aerial
is directed
commonly
Thephotograph
camera axis
as classified:
nearly vertically as possible.
Vertical
The
photogrammetric plane should be parallel to the
datum
plane : truly vertical
Oblique
In practice, the camera axis is rarely held perfectly vertical
due to unavoidable aircraft tilts.
When camera axis is tilted slightly from vertical: tilted
photogarph. (1> )
Oblique photograph are exposed with the camera axis
intestinally tilted away from vertical.
High oblique includes the horizon, a low oblique does not
HAN

Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

Introduction

Introduction
Vertical Photography
Camera axis is < 3 from vertical
Oblique Photography
Camera axis is > 3 from vertical
Low obliqueno horizon
High obliqueincludes horizon

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Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

Introduction

Introduction
Viewing direction

Nadir view = 0
Normal view 0 < 3(6)
Side looking view < 45 steep and > 45 flat

Horizontal view 90
Zenit view 180
Convergent images (typical for close-range)

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Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

Introduction

Introduction
Camera opening angle
Normal angle (NA): 2 60
Wide Angle (WA): 2 90
Super wide angle (SWA): 2 120
Small angle: 2 < 60
Film format & focal length
Image format: 23*23cm (9*9)
f = 85mm (Zeiss)
SWA 120
f = 88mm(Leica)
f = 153mm
WA 90
f = 210mm
f = 306mm
NA
f = 600mm
Narrow angle (Super NA)
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Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

Introduction

Introduction
Central projection: Bundle of rays
Sum of all image points P in the
image plane is equivalent to a spatial
bundle of rays

Planar terrain, nadir view

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Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

Introduction

Introduction
Image scale
Main features
s = 23cm (image format)
f: focal length
hg: Flying height above
ground level (AGL)
Image scale Image scale
number

HAN

Covered area:
s=23cm, mB = 10.000
F = (0,23m * 10.000) =
(2,3km) = 5,29km

Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

Introduction

Introduction
Interior orientation

To reconstruct the bundle of rays the relative position of

the projection center to the image must be known:
provided by interior orientation

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Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

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Introduction
Important for all measurements, as IO allows the
reconstruction of the bundle of rays
Usually image and terrain are assumed to be parallel
(simplified assumption)

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Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

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Introduction
N = nadir point = plump line point
of O
H = intersection of optical axis
and terrain
N' = image nadir
H' = principal point
H'N' = image principal vertical line
ONH = principal plump line
F = F' = focal point (angles are
preserved)

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Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

Introduction

Introduction
Exterior orientation

Defines the Orientation (Position and attitude) of the

image, i.e. the image coordinate system in relation to
an exterior- (world-, object-) coordinate system
2D image coordinate system
Defined by interior orientation
In image plane (2D-cartesian)
Origin in principal point

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Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

Introduction

Introduction
Relation image-object by 6 Parameters
3 translations X0, Y0, Z0
3 rotations , ,
primary, right handed around X

secondary, right handed around Y

tertiary, right handed around Z

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Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

Introduction

To be continued.....

Differential formula for

a Near Vertical
Photograph

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Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007

Introduction