GRAMMAR NEWSPAPER

TW30103 GRAMMAR
DR SUHAIDA OMAR
1. ASNI ISMAIL - CT11210432
TESL COHORT 2
PPG
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH

TOPIC
ADJECTIVES

1. INTRODUCTION
Definition - Adjective is the
word which is used to
modify noun or pronoun.
There are 5 kinds of
adjectives as follows.

Possessive
Adjective

Descriptive
Adjective

Types of
Adjectives
Quantitative
Adjective

Demonstrative
Adjective

Interrogative
Adjective

Order Of Adjective
We can use more than one adjective when
describing something or someone in a sentence.
Example: Aliesya is a tall, thin and cheerful girl.
When more than one adjective is used in a
sentence, they should be written in the following
order.

Order of Adjectives

1. OPINION / VALUE 2. SHAPE

-

Beautiful
Friendly
Famous
Handsome
Strong
Proud
Good
Naughty
Poor
Rich

- Size ( big, small )

- Length (long, tall, short)
- Shape ( round, square,
fat)
- Width (wide, narrow)

Order of Adjectives

3 . AGE /
TEMPERATURE
- Old
- Hot
- New
- Warm
- Young
- Ancient
- Modern

4. COLOR
Red
Brown
Black
Green
Pin
Yellow
Orange

Order of Adjectives

5. ORIGIN
Malay
Indian
Chinese
Malaysian
American
Indonesians
Thais

6. MATERIAL
Rubber
Cotton
Gold
Copper
Leather
Wooden
Steel
plastic

Example:
1. a beautiful, little, wooden house
She has a beautiful, little, wooden house.
2. a proud, tall, young lady
I saw a proud, tall, young lady at the bus
stop.
3. a blue, British sports car
It is a blue, British sports car.
4. a rich, fat man
He is a rich, fat man in this town.
5. a long, yellow ribbon
We are looking for a girl that wears a long, yellow
ribbon.

2. Functions of Adjectives
Possessive Adjective
Possessive Adjective is the adjective which is
used to point out the noun that belongs to
someone or some thing, and there are seven
Possessive Adjectives.
They are - My, Your, Our, Their, His,
Her and Its.
They answer the questions whose?
Example of sentences
1. This is my book.
2. Your car is outside.
3. His girlfriend is waiting.

Descriptive Adjective
Descriptive Adjective is the adjective that
are used to tell the sorts of noun or quality such
as to describe the color, shape, size or condition
of nouns or pronouns.
Answer the question What kind of?
Example :1. a hot day (condition)
2. a round table (shape)
3. a brown cat (color)
4. a small ball (size)

Example of sentences

Adjective of Quality
Color

Shape

Size

Condition

Category

Sentences

Person

Tini is a fair girl.

Place

The blue sea looks so inviting

Animal

The green butterfly flitted on the flower

Thing

My brother has a maroon car

Person

Mr. Wong has a pear-shaped body.

Place

The school hall is rectangular in shape

Animal

A snakes head is normally triangular.

Thing

The maid serves the drinks in a circular tray.

Person

Vinod is a thin boy.

Place

The night market is a busy place.

Animal

The whale is a large animal

Thing

The latest mobile phone is small.

Person

The childrens hands are dirty.

Place

My neighbor's house is noisy.

Animal

My dog is sick

Thing

This box is empty.

Quantitative Adjective

Numeral Adjective is the adjective which is used to

show the number of noun or to show quantity or
amount. There are two types of Quantitative
Adjective as follow.
Numbers (one, two, three) are adjectives when
they are used to describe nouns or pronouns.
The numbers are written in words when they are
being used as adjectives.
1. Definite Adjectives
2. Indefinite Adjective
3. Distributive Adjectives

More on Quantitative
Adjectives
Definite Adjectives
Definitive Numeral Adjective is the adjective
that is used to denote an exact number of noun
as first, second, third or one, two, three, both.
Example of sentences
1. Angkor Wat is the seventh wonders of
the world.
2. Angkor temple has five towers.

 Indefinite Adjectives

Indefinite Numeral Adjective is the adjective

which is used to not denote an inexact number of
nouns as some, any, much, many, little, a few.

The word many is used for things which can be

counted meanwhile the word much is used for things
which cannot be counted.

Example of sentences
1. I ate some rice.
2. She has a few pictures.
3. He has much money.

1.

2.

3.
4.

5.

Distributive Adjectives
Distributive adjectives are used to show that the
persons or objects named by nouns are taken separately.
They are used to show that the nouns or pronouns are
referred to individually.
They are :Both used to show two things taken together.
Both girls like to play tennis.
Each used for one of two or more things, taken one by
one.
Each person is allowed to buy only two tickets.
Every used for more than two things, taken as a group.
She read every book of the library.
Neither used to show not the one nor the other of the two
(things / people).
Neither mango is sweet.
Either used to show one or other two (choices)
either pencil will do.

Grammar Tips :
1. Every is used when we refer to all the items in a particular group.
2. Each is used when we refer to individual items in a group.
3. Every and each take the singular verb.
4. Either and neither also take the singular verb.

Demonstrative Adjective

Demonstrative Adjective is the adjective which

is used to point out persons or things and to
indicate whether they are near or far away from
us. They are - this, these, that, and those.
Explanation
1.This (used for things or persons nearby)
2. That (used for things and person far away)
3. These (plural of this)
4. Those ( plural of that)
Example of sentences
1. These are my shoes.
2. Those are your books.
3. This is my pencils.
4. That is your ruler.

Difference between Demonstrative Adjective and

Demonstrative Pronoun

Demonstrative Adjective

Demonstrative Pronoun

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

This book is mine.

These boys are naughty.
That bag is hers.
Those pens are ours.
This bicycle is his.
Those girls are pretty.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

This is my book.
These are naughty boys.
That is her bag.
Those are our pens.
This is his bicycle.
Those are pretty girls.

1.
2.
3.

Interrogative Adjective

Interrogative Adjective is the adjective that is used

to ask the question about nouns. They are the Whquestions - what, which and whose.
Pupils should always remember interrogative
adjectives come before the nouns.
Explanations on
What is used to ask about people and things
Which is used to make a choice
Whose is used to show possession
Example of sentences
1. Which animal do you like?
2. Whose pencil is this?
3. What color do you like?

Difference Between Interrogative

Adjectives and Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative Adjectives

WHICH
1.
Which girl is prettier?
In this sentence which is an
adjective because the word
which comes before the noun
girl and tells more about the
nouns.

Interrogative Pronouns

WHICH
1. Which is the prettier girl?
- In this sentence which is a
pronoun because it stands for
the noun girl.

W HAT
1.
What gift did you receive?
The word what comes before
the noun gift. It tells more
about the gift.

WHAT
1. What was the gift you received?
- The word what stands for the
noun gift. Therefore, what is a
pronoun.

WHOSE
1.
Whose pencil did he steal/
Whose is an adjective because
whose comes before the nouns
pencil.

WHOSE
1. Whose was the pencil he stole?
- Whose is a pronoun because it
stands for the noun pencil.

Adjectives have three degrees

comparison

The Positive is used to describe an

object / a person.
The comparative is used to describe
two objects / person
The superlative is used to describe
more than two objects / persons

Example of sentences :
a)
b)
c)

a)
b)
c)

a)
b)
c)

The positive
Young Helmi is young.
Thin
- Zarina is thin
Pretty Mary is pretty.
The comparative
Younger Helmi is younger than Amir.
Thinner Suhaila is thinner than Zarina.
Prettier Kim is prettier than Mary.
The superlative
Youngest Helmi is the youngest in the family.
Thinnest Suhaila is the thinnest in the class.
Prettiest Kim s the prettiest of all the girls.

Formation of The Comparative and The

Superlative
a) Forming of the Comparative and the
Superlative using er and - est

POSITIVE

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

Bold

Bolder

Boldest

Brave

Braver

Bravest

Dark

Darker

Darkest

High

Higher

Highest

b) To form the Comparative and Superlative of

words with y use ier and iest

POSITIVE

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

Dirty

Dirtier

Dirtiest

Easy

Easier

Easiest

Heavy

Heavier

Heaviest

Ugly

Uglier

Ugliest

c) To form the Comparative and Superlative of

some adjectives, the last letter must be
doubled.

POSITIVE

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

Big

Bigger

Biggest

Hot

Hotter

Hottest

Sad

Sadder

Saddest

Wet

Wetter

wettest

d) If the positive ends in y there is a vowel

before it, the y is not changed. Add er to the
comparative and est to the superlative.

POSITIVE

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

Gay

Gayer

Gayest

Grey

Greyer

Greyest

e) To form the Comparative Superlative by

changing the spelling of the positive

POSITIVE

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

Bad

Worse

Worst

Good

Better

best

Many

More

Most

Up

Upper

Upmost

f) If the positive is long (more than two syllable)

add more to the comparative and most to the
superlative.

POSITIVE

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

Generous

More generous

Most generous

Serious

More serious

Most serious

Wicked

More wicked

Most wicked

Ignorant

More ignorant

Most ignorant

3. Suitable Activities To
Teach Adjectives
Properly selected games and activities are significantly
helpful as they attract the students attention immediately.
And, at the same time allow them to practice language skills.
These are types of activities that could be carry out during
the English language lesson.
1. Printable worksheets
Activities may vary according to the
level of the pupils knowledge.
a) matching
b) fill in the blanks
c) choosing

2. Games
- Online https://www.turtlediary.com/kidsgames/ela-topics/adjectives-games.html
- printable games worksheet
- indoor games in classroom
Pupils absolutely love to do this kind of activities because
they can have fun and enjoying the games naturally.

Title : My Silly Sentence Maker

Level : Primary school ages 9 to 12

year old.
Level of difficulty : easy to medium
Materials to use : Dice, card of
instruction
How to play :
1. Teacher will stick on the card
instruction on the whiteboard.
2. Pupils will throw the dice for 5
times. Each roll of dice represent
the word.
3. Pupils start to make sentence
once she / he finish rolling the
dice by looking to the lists of
words on the card.

3. Communicative practice
Purpose

At this stage, the teacher. In this section, the carries out

communicative practice to provide students opportunities to
use the new language in freer and more creative ways. Students
are put into situations where they have to communicate with
each other in English. In this section, the activities will be
presented by genre or activity-type rather than by grammatical
form, as the same activity can be used to teach different
grammatical feature can be taught using different genres.
Teaching learning materials and activities.
These are the activities that teacher can apply to their
pupils to practice Adjectives.

a) Poem

Baked beans,
Butter beans,
Big fat lima beans,
Long thin string beans
those are just a few.
Green beans,
Black beans,
Big fat kidney beans,
red hot chili
beans,
Jumping beans too
Pea beans
Dont forget shelly beans,
Last of all, best of all,
I like jelly beans.

Lucia and James L. Hynes

b) Quizzes, Puzzles and Riddles

These are rather like games. In that way, the pupils
often involve in competition.
Example 1 (Quiz)
1. General Knowledge

2. Ask students questions like the following to

generate comparative and superlative structures.
i) What is the longest river in the world?
ii) What is the highest mountain in Malaysia?
iii) Which is hotter; the Atacama Desert or the
Sahara Desert?

 Example 2 (Riddles)
What am I?
i) You use me to make a pot of tea.
You put cold water in me.
I get very hot when I am turned on.
What am I?

ii) I am made of metal.

One end is round, the other end is long and
thin.
I am used for opening doors.
What am I?