Recent Developments in PON Systems

Standards in ITU-T
Dave Faulkner
Q2/15 Rapporteur
dave.faulkner@bt.com

Contents

The Role of the ITU in Standardization

ITU-PON Access System
Fixed Access Timelines
Fiber Access Systems
B-PON
G-PON
Recent Updates to B-PON and G-PON standards
Outlook
Conclusions

The Role of the ITU in Standardization

The International Telecommunication Union (www.itu.int),

headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland,

within United Nations System
governments and the private sector members coordinate global
telecom networks and services.
ITU-T Recommendations, such as G.982 (PON), G.983.x (BroadbandPON) and G.984.x (Gigabit-PON) are agreed by consensus and
provide a framework for the implementation.
Question 2 on Optical systems for fiber access networks is the focus
of activity for PON systems in the ITU

From an operator's perspective, cost reduction is the key

motivator for standards

Interoperability and second sourcing are also important for a de-risking

the investment.

From a vendor's perspective it is the assurance that

products will satisfy the needs of a world-wide market.

ITU-PON Access System

Fixed Access Timelines

Fixed
Access Timelines
1.00E+07
10G
1.00E+06
1G

kbit/s

1.00E+05
100M
1.00E+04
Bit 10M
Rate
1M
1.00E+03

Investment/loss Region.
10 GBE
Early introduction
1 GBE
Of competitive
10 G-PON
technology
G-PON
100 M VDSL2 DP
for premium
20 M VDSL2 Cab
services
18 M ADSL2plus
8M ADSL

WDM/PON
WDM/PON

VDSL Plateau?
ADSL Plateau?

Profitable Region
Cash Cow
Technology uncompetitive
Migration to new technology
or loss of market share

100k
1.00E+02
56k modem
10k
1.00E+01
1k
1.00E+00

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

Year
Source: Next generation Broadband in Europe: The Need for Speed Heavy
Reading Report, Vol. 3 No 5 March 2005
See Notes

2020

Fiber Access SystemsBT Perspective

Fiber to the premises (P2P, from CO)

Existing deployment for businesses over 3km and 2 Mbit/s

Incremental deployment has high cost and long lead times
Churn leads to stranded assets
Duct network insufficient for ubiquitous coverage
While copper stays in place

Fiber to the cabinet/VDSL2

In BT trials
Reuse of copper offers lower CapEx than FTTP
OpEx costs under investigation in trials
Capacity is reach dependent
Subtended MSANs or Fiber could solve this
CO fed fibers are most likely to be used

Fiber to the premises (PON)

G-PON (e.g. 2.4/1.2 Gbit/s), favoured for limited use in 21CN

Lower CapEx and OpEx than (P2P) if deployed over whole areas
PON/OLT can act as a traffic concentrator (QoS, possible)

Active Optical Networks (P2P from COs/Cabs)

- an alternative to PON
AONs deployed in parts of Europe by CLECs, approx
500k subscribers
P2P can give more capacity than shared access systems
Better future-proofing

Upgrades
Only affect one customer
Require no changes to external plant

Shared access systems seem to date quickly

E.g. Cable systems are difficult to upgrade, outside plant needs changing
Shared access not needed with SDV (no broadcasting needed now)

Service and Network Management is a concern for

operators/standards
Except SDH when used for direct connection to customers
G.985 adds limited network management functionality to Ethernet over fiber

B-PON
Broadband passive optical network

based upon 53 byte ATM cells with mini-cells in transmission

convergence (TC) layer
Downstream grants control the sending of upstream cells
Rates up to 620 Mbit/s symmetrical

and 1240/622 asymmetrical have been standardised

Transport capability

native ATM
TDM (T1/E1) by circuit emulation
Ethernet by emulation

Business or home

32 way split (some systems 64 way)

multi-casting possible

Standardised in G983.x series in ITU

Business Drivers for PON

Business
factors
Economical and
reliable products
Competition
with CATV
providers
Competition
with CLECs
ADSL
Competition with
Long Haul
operators

B-PON Requirements

ITU-T
Recommendation

International standards compliances and

multi-vendor interoperability

G.983.1
G.983.2

Video signal overlay with 3-waves

multiplexing

G.983.3
G.983.3amend1

DBA (Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment) to G.983.4

improve transmission efficiency of
G.983.7
upstream signals
Access line protection and survivability

G.983.5
G.983.6

Enhanced OMCI (ONT Management and

Control Interface) for new services

G.983.2amemd2

Adding 622Mb/s upstream

Adding 1.2Gb/s downstream and security

G.983.1amend1
G.983.1amend2

Broadband PON Frame Format

Downstream Frame = 56 cells of 53 bytes
PLOAM ATM
Cell 1 Cell 1

ATM PLOAM ATM

Cell 27 Cell 2 Cell 27

ATM
Cell 54

Physical layer operations and maintenance (PLOAM) cells

give grants to upstream ONUs.
Maximum rate of 1/100ms. Each contains 27 grants
Upstream Frame = 53 cells per frame (aligned by ranging)
ATM
Cell 1

ATM
Cell 2

ATM
Cell 3

3 overhead bytes for guard time, preamble and delimiter

ATM
Cell 53

ONU Management and Control Interface

A management channel between OLT and

ONU
Part of the baseband signal
Carried in the PLOAM cells
Physical layer operations and maintenance

Accessible by the Network Operator via the element

manager on the OLT
Allows the PON and services to be configured and
managed
Authentication, configuration and fault mangnet
Service management POTS, Video on demand,
WLAN,VLAN, Ethernet
etc

Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation

A powerful conditional access mechanism

allows queues at the customer-ends of the PON to

be served according to the priority assigned to the
traffic flow
ranging from TDM circuit emulation through to best
effort (using spare capacity).
also offers 'concentration on the fly',
statistical gain for packet-based services

likely to become increasingly important as users of IP

begin to expect QoS-based services on congested
networks
Allows bursts close to the maximum PON rate
Good for high speed packet transmission

B-PON Interoperability Events

Where

When

Host

Functionality

Makuhari,
Japan

March 9-11, NTT/FSAN meeting TC layer with Ethernet

2004

Geneva,
Switzerland

June 2-4,
2004

ITU All Star

Workshop

TC Layer with Ethernet

San Ramon,
CA, USA

Sept 27,
2004

SBC/FSAN
meeting

TC Layer with Ethernet

Voice and fax services via
GR-303

Chicago, USA

June 7-9,
2005

TIA/ITU,
SUPERCOMM

TC Layer with Ethernet

Voice service via GR-303
H-D IPTV and optical RF
Video

G.983.3 Enhancement Band

Downstream bands for B-PON

1490 (basic band) , 1550 (enhancement band)

New laser was required for 1480-1500 nm band

Enhanced services in 1539-1565 nm band

e.g. for broadcast services

1260-1360 nm upstream band retained

Blocking filters and/or triplexer needed for ONTs
To receive additional service wavelength(s)
e.g.
1480

Receive

1500

1539 1550

-1.5

Accept

-20

Reject
-30 dBm

1565

ITU-PON Showcase at SUPERCOMM

G-PON
Gigabit Passive Optical Networks
Higher capacities possible than B-PON
More efficient transmission of IP/Ethernet Cells
Same Optical Distribution Network

Service Requirements for G-PON.

Items

Target descriptions

Services and QoS Full Services

performances
(e.g. 10/100Base-T, Voice, Leased lines)
Bit rates
Physical reach
Logical reach
Branches
Wavelength
allocation
ODN classes

1.25Gb/s symmetric and higher

Asymmetric with 155Mb/s & 622Mb/s upstream
Max 20 km and Max 10 km
Max 60 km (for ranging protocol)
Max 64 in physical layer
Max 128 in TC layer
Downstream: 1480 1500nm (Video overlay is
Upstream:
1260 1360nm considered.)
Class A, B and C; same as B-PON requirements

Physical Layer Specifications for G-PON

Item

Specification
1.244Gbit/s and 2.488Gbit/s symmetric
2.4/1.2Gbit/s emerging as most popular rates
Bit rates
155.52Mbit/s and 622.04Mbit/s only for upstream
Error rate: Better than 1.0E-10
Dispersion and Up to 10km : FP-LD without FEC
error correction Up to 20km : DFB-LD or FP-LD with FEC
Optical device LD*1 + PIN (APD*2 is available)
Upstream
12Bytes (1.244Gbit/s), 24Bytes (2.488Gbit/s)
Overhead

Key Differences Between Gigabit- PONs

Item
MAC
Layer

PHY
Layer

FSAN / ITU-T G-PON

IEEE GE-PON

Service

Full services (Ether, TDM, POTS)

Ethernet data

Frame

GEM frame

Ethernet frame

Distance

10 / 20 km (Logical: 60 km)

10 / 20 km

Branches

64 (Logical: 128)

16 or over

Bit rate

Up : 155M, 622M, 1.25Gbit/s

Down : 1.25G, 2.5Gbit/s

1.25Gbit/s (Up and Down)

Bandwidth

Same as above (NRZ coding)

1Gbit/s (8B10B coding)

Opt. Loss

15 / 20 / 25dB

15 / 20dB

Wave-length

Down : 1480-1500nm
Up : 1260-1360nm

Same

(Available to video signals overlay)

Upstream
burst timing

Guard : 25.6ns
Preamble : 35.2ns (Typical)
Delimiter : 16.0ns (Typical)

Laser turn on / off :

512ns (Max)
AGC setting and CDR lock :
400ns (Max)

Recent Updates to B-PON standards

Nov 2004
G. 983.1 Revised. Broadband Optical Access Systems Based On Passive
Optical Networks (PON)

Includes two previous Amendments, A Corrigendum, and Implementers guide

G.983.2 Amendment 2, B-PON ONT Management and Control Interface

(OMCI) support for Video Return Path,
Facilitates the use of set-top boxes originally designed for cable networks

May 2005
G.983.2 Revised B-PON ONT Management and Control Interface (OMCI).

All documents on OMCI have been merged into this revision, G.983.2 and G.983.6 through
to G.983.10 plus the Amendments 1 and 2 and Implementers guide.
New functionality includes mechanized loop testing for telephony and last gasp reporting

G.983.3 Amendment 2, A broadband optical access system with increased

service capability by wavelength allocation

Industry best practice optical budgets for the 622/155 B-PON system

28dB Optical Distribution Networks for B-PON

27dB with Analog video service

G.983.1 Amendment 1 on Protocol Implementation Conformance Statements

(PICS) for the OLT and ONT.

To show that the devices conform with G.983.1 at the transmission convergence layer

Recent Updates to G-PON standards

May 2005
G.984.3 Amendment 1 to G-PON Transmission Convergence
Layer.

Peak Information Rate and Sustained Information Rate parameters are

now included and are analogous to ATM for alternative cell lengths
such as Ethernet packets.
Multicast services may now be supported over GEM (e.g. IPTV).
(GEM is the generic encapsulation mode use at in the transmission
convergence layer)

G.984.4 Amendment 1 Gigabit-capable Passive Optical

Networks (G-PON): ONT Management and Control Interface
specification.

Proposes management features on G-PON in support of Ethernet and

IPTV service such as the IEEE802.1p priority mapper, GEM traffic
descriptor, and support of multicast connection.

Outlook
Capacity doubling every year!
1000-fold increase in 10 years.
depends upon investment in new infrastructure,
Varies between country, region and location
Dependent on the economics and national strategy.

Can the life of G-PON be extended?

Bursting to 1Gbit/s could buy 3 years (to 2016)

Upgrades
With the addition of new wavelengths and/or new fiber
Faster TDM-10Gbit/s
WDM/PON

Conclusions
The B-PON and G-PON series of standards are largely
complete
B-PON has reached maturity with up to eight vendors with
interoperable OLT and/or ONU.
The FSAN/Interoperability Task Group promotes standards
conformance and interoperability among vendors.

Recommendations in the G.984.x series detail G-PON, the

latest generation of PON technology.

Increasing capacity to Gigabit levels satisfies customer demands for

capacity in the range 100 Mbit/s (dedicated) and 1 Gbit/s (shared)
G-PON maintains the same optical distribution network, wavelength
plan as B-PON
offers more efficient IP and Ethernet handling
Next step is G-PON interoperability

The enhancement band is used by some operators to transport

analog cable TV
In the future, as TV moves from RF-analogue to digital-in-band the
enhancement band is expected to be used for two-way interactive
digital services.