MEMORY SHAPE ALLOY

Definisi Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)

Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) merupakan

kelompok paduan logam yang dapat
menemukan kembali dengan baik regangan
permanennya bila dipanaskan pada suhu
tertentu.

Sejarah SMA

Ditemukan tahun 1932,

Oleh Chang dan Read.
Tahun 1938, kuningan (CuZn).
Tahun 1951, Emas kadmium (AuCd).
Tidak ada aktivitas sampai 1962.
Buehler and co-workers menemukan NickelTitanium (NiTi).

Apa material shape memory ?

Prinsip dasar
SMA mempunyai dua fase stabil fase suhu tinggi
( austenite) dan fase suhu rendah (martensite).
Martensite dapat muncul dalam dua bentuk yaitu
twinned dan detwinned.
Fase transisi yang muncul antara dua fase di atas (
melalui pemanasan/pendinginan) merupakan dasar
untuk menjelaskan sifat unik SMA.

Shape Memory Alloys?

Shape Memory Alloys
(SMAs) merupakan
paduan logam yang
mengalami transisi fase
padat padat dan dapat
menunjukkan kembali
regangannya.
contoh: Nitinol

Austenite
High temperature phase
Cubic Crystal Structure

Martensite
Low temperature phase
Monoclinic Crystal Structure

Twinned Martensite

Detwinned Martensite

Induksi termal pada fase transisi SMA

Martensite
(twinned)

Martensite
(twinned)

TEMPERATURE

Mf

Ms

As

Af

As

Af

TEMPERATURE

Mf

Ms

Austenite

Austenite

Characteristic
temperatures:
Mf=Martensitic Finish
Ms=Martensitic Start
As=Austenitic Start
Af=Austenitic Finish

Efek Shape Memory :

Stress Free Shape Recovery

STRESS

Detwinned Martensite
(stressed - deformed)

STRESS

Detwinned Martensite
(stressed - deformed)

Mf

Ms

As

Twinned Martensite
(unstressed)
TEMPERATURE

Af

Mf
Detwinned Martensite
(unstressed - deformed)

Ms

As

TEMPERATURE

Af
Austenite
(undeformed)

Efek shape memory (SME)?

Efek Shape Memory

s
Detwinning

e
Cooling

Heating/Recovery

STRESS

Shape Memory Effect: Shape

Recovery Under Stress

Detwinned Martensite
(stressed)

Mf

Ms

Austenite

As

Af

TEMPERATURE

The Pseudoelastic Effect

STRESS

Detwinned Martensite
(stressed)

Mf

Ms

As

TEMPERATURE

Af
Austenite

Aplikasi
Nanomuscles
Alat-alat bedah

Tissue Spreader
Stents (angioplasty)
Coronary Probe
Brain Spatula

Endoscopy: miniature
zoom device, bending
actuator
Force sensor
Smart skin (wing
turbulence reduction)

SMAs in Bio-medical Devices

(a)

(b)

Aplikasi...
Otot logam yang lentur dengan suhu rendah
Penguapan dan kondensasi platina murni pada gas
atmosfir tipis akan terkonversi menjadi partikel lebih
kecil 5 nanometer.
Partikel-partikel ini dimampatkan dalam tubuh
nanoporous. Padatan yang diperoleh selanjutnya
dicelupkan ke cairan konduktif (electrolyte) dan
mengisi rongga. Melalui elektrolit ini , asam atau
basa yang bermuatan listrik dapat dibawa oleh
nanopartikel ke padatan.

Aplikasi ...
Tegangan listrik menyebabkan muatan elektrolit
berubah. Muatan listrik akan menginduksi
permukaan nanopartikel.
Perubahan muatan ini membuat perubahan konduksi
elektron atom .

http://www.fzk.de/stellent/groups/public/documents

Discussion of Application
An advantage to this new shape memory alloy is its
efficiency. No other alloy or polymer can compare
to its strength and efficiency to weight ratio.
Nanomuscles weigh just one gram but can lift 140
grams, and are preferred to electric motors as they
are far cheaper to produce.

SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYNITINOL

What is it?
One type of shape memory alloy is Nitinol, which is short for Nickel Titanium
Naval Ordnance Laboratory and which acknowledges the site of its
discovery in 1965
Where does it get its name?
Nitinol is an alloy of about 56 % Nickel and 44 % Titanium. (Hence the
name: NiTiNaval Ordinance Laboratory)
What does it do?
Nitinol remembers its original shape and springs back up to temperatures
up to 500 degrees C. Can be strained 8 to 10 times more than spring steel
without permanent deformation. Wont kink. Coils easily.

HOW DOES NITINOL WORK?

Nitinol is made of Nickel and Titanium

Most solids have one crystal structure, but Nitinol has two
The crystal structure is different at cold and hot temperatures
At cold temps it is soft and easy to bend but at hot temps it is stiff
and springy.

WHY IS NITINOL SO VERSATILE?

It has similar properties to human hair and
human tendons and is being used in a wide
range of applications.

Did You Know?

THAT YOU CAN NOW HAVE
Nitinols amazing properties allows surgeons to perform life saving
operations
Ninol is used to:
Seal holes in the heart
Patch up faulty blood vessels
Attach tendons to bones.
AMPLATZER Septal Occluder
for heart defect repair utilizes the
shape memory of Nitinol

Research scientists, innovators and artists are

always finding new creative uses for Nitinol.
Knee replacements
Spectacle frames
Medical stents
Repair broken bones
Replace damaged discs.
What else?

Applications Of Nitinol
THE ICEMOBILE
A Nitinol heat engine, called the
Icemobile has a loop of Nitinol
which you immerse in warm water,
to make it spin (which then cuts
up ice cubes).