HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION, ASSESSMENT AND

CONTROL

HAZARDS

Any existing or potential condition in the workplace

that, by itself or interacting with other variables,
can result in death, injuries, property damage and
other losses.
Hazards are grouped into two broad categories, namely:

a) Those dealing with safety and injuries.

b) Those dealing with health and illnesses.

HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

TYPES OF HAZARDS :

Physical hazards (noise, illumination, ventilation)

Chemical hazards (gases, fumes, vapors, mists)
Biological hazards (virus, germs, bacteria)
Ergonomic hazards (prolonged standing)

HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Definition:
The systematic use of all available
information to identify hazards in order to
analyze and evaluate their overall effect
on people, property and the environment.

HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

Purpose:
Uncover overlooked hazards
Locate new hazards that developed
Determine essential factors or requirements for
specific processes or operations
Modify processes or operations if needed
Identify situational hazards
Identify human causal factors
Identify exposure causal factors
Identify physical causal factors
Determine appropriate monitoring methods

Occupational Health (ILO)

Promotion and maintenance of the highest degree
of physical, mental & social well-being of workers
of all occupations
Prevention among its workers of departures from
health caused by their working conditions
Protection of workers in their employment from
risks usually from factors adverse to health
Placing & maintenance of the worker in an
occupational environment adapted to his/her
physiological ability

Defense Mechanisms of the Body

Exposure

Potentially Harmful
Agents

Response

Normal / Altered Body

Response

Result

Homeostasis or
Disease

Occupational
Hazards genetic
factors

age

medical
history

gender

Factor That Influence Workplace Hazards

Multiplicity
of
Physical exposure Exposure
properties
duration

Occupational
hazards
Timing of
exposure

Magnitude of
exposure

HEALTH HAZARDS
PHYSICAL AGENTS
noise, vibration, radiation,
defective illumination,
temperature extremes

CHEMICAL AGENTS
dusts, gases, vapors,
fumes, mists, etc.

BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
viruses, bacteria, fungi,
parasites

LACK OF ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLES

exhaustive physical exertions, excessive
standing, improper motions, lifting heavy
load, job monotony, etc.

Chemical Hazards
Industrial Toxicology
Toxicology - "study of poisons
injurious effects of substances
Toxicity
-inherent poisonous potency
Hazard
-risk or danger of poisoning
Dose
-amount of substance biologically
available
Exposure -concentration of substance in the
environment

HAZARD = TOXICITY x EXPOSURE

OPERATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS TO UNCOVER HAZARDS
(Hazards Analysis)

May have been overlooked in the layout of the plant or the

building and in the design of machinery, equipment and
processes;

May have been developed after production started;

May exist because original procedures and tasks were
modified.

HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

Benefits:
Identifies hazardous conditions and potential
accidents;
Provides information with which effective control
measures can be established;
Determines level of knowledge and skill as well as
physical requirements workers need to execute
specific tasks;
Discovers and eliminates unsafe procedures,
techniques, motions, positions and actions.

HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Processes, Tasks, & Operations to be Analyzed
Frequency of Accidents

100
50
0

1st
Qtr

New or Altered
Equipment,
Processes and
Operations

4th
Qtr

Severity of Injury

Potential for Injury

Excessive Material Waste or

Damage to Equipment

PROCESSES FOR AN EFFECTIVE

HAZARD CONTROL PROGRAM
Hazard identification and evaluation
Ranking hazard by risk

Management decision making

Establishing preventive and corrective measures

Monitoring
Evaluating program effectiveness

SOURCES OF WORKPLACE
HAZARD INFORMATION
Those who are familiar with plant operations and the
hazards associated with them;
Hazard information from manufacturers of industrial
equipment, tools and machinery acquired by the company;

From accident and old inspection reports (either internal or

external);
Hazard analysis and thorough knowledge of the demands of
a particular task;
Material safety data sheets;
Technical and Professional Associations.

HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

Components:
Information about the industry
Information on working conditions
Information on materials and substances
Information about the machine/equipment
Other items to be evaluated

COMPONENTS OF HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

Information about the industry:

Workers involved

History of accidents/illnesses and causes

Systems of management control

COMPONENTS OF HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

Information on working conditions:
Workplace and environment

Construction of structure and facilities

Processes, operational methods and practices

COMPONENTS OF HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

Information on materials and substances:

Quantity of materials/substances involved
Substance/material data (chemical and physical)
Safety-related data (ex: explosive limit, flash point, etc.)
Toxicology related data ( toxicity, effects, etc.)
Threshold limit values

COMPONENTS OF HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

Information about the machine and/or equipment:

Design and construction

Installation and maintenance
Protective and safety devices

COMPONENTS OF HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

Other items to be evaluated:

Environmental factors
Hazardous supplies and materials
Production and related equipment
Power source equipment
Electrical equipment
Handtools
Personal protective equipment
Personal service & first-aid facilities
Fire protection and control facilities
Walkways and roadways

Elevators and materials lift

Working surfaces,
platforms, etc.
Material handling
equipment
Transportation equipment
Warning and signaling
devices
Containers, storage
facilities, etc.
Structural openings and
other building structures

ESTABLISHING PREVENTIVE
AND CORRECTIVE MEASURES

General Hazard Controls:

Administrative Controls
Engineering Controls
Personal Protective Equipment

ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS

Personnel
Management
Monitoring
Limiting worker exposure
Measuring performance
Training and education
Housekeeping and maintenance
Purchasing

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

Isolation of source
Lockout procedures
Design
Process or procedural changes
Monitoring and warning equipment
Chemical or material substitution

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

PURPOSE:

To reduce exposures while other controls are

being implemented.
To provide protection during activities such as
maintenance and repairs when controls are not
feasible.
To provide protection during emergencies.
To supplement other controls.

3 MAJOR AREAS WHERE HAZARDOUS

CONDITIONS CAN BE CONTROLLED
OR ELIMINATED
To attack a hazard at its source.
To control the hazard along its path.
To direct control efforts at the receiver, the worker.

PATH
SOURCE

RECEIVER

MONITORING
To provide assurance that hazard controls are
working properly;
To ensure that modifications have not so altered the
workplace that current hazard controls can no
longer function adequately;
To discover/locate new or previously undetected
hazards and assess effectiveness of existing
controls.
COVERAGE:
Inspection
Industrial hygiene testing
Medical surveillance

EVALUATING PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS

The final process in hazard

control is to evaluate the
effectiveness of the safety and
health program.
Evaluation
involves
answering
the
following questions:
What is being done to locate and
control hazards?
What impact are the benefits
having on improving operational
efficiency and effectiveness?