LEADERSHIP

WHAT IS LEADERSHIP
Leadership is the art of motivating a
group of people to act towards
achieving a common goal.The
process of encouraging and helping
others to work enthusiastically
towards objectives.

Difference between leader and

manager
A leader need not be a manager but a
manager must have many of the
qualities of a good leader.

MANAGERS

LEADERS

Administer

Innovate

Maintain

Develop

Employees

Followers

Relies on Control

Inspire trust

Ask how & when

Ask what & why

React to change

Create change

Take credit

Take responsibilities

Initiate

Originate

Accept the status quo

Challenge the status quo

Do things right

Do right things.

Theories of Leadership

Great Man Theory

Trait Theory
Behavioral Theory
Managerial Grid Theory
Situational Theory
Fiedlers Contingency Theory

Great Man Theory

The Great Man theory evolved around
the mid 19th century. Great Man Theory
simply means that great leaders are born
they are not made.
Leaders are exceptional people, born
with innate qualities, destined to lead.

Trait Theory
This theory Assumes that leader is
different from the average person in
terms of personality traits such as
intelligence, perseverance, and
ambition

Assumptions:
People are born with inherited traits.
Some traits are particularly suited to
leadership.
People who make good leaders have the
right (or sufficient) combination of traits.

Behavioral Theory
According to this theory, people
can learn to become leaders through
teaching and observation.
Behavioral theories do not seek inborn
traits they look at what leaders actually
do.

 This Theory proposes the specific

behaviors differentiate leaders from
nonleaders.
In reaction to the trait leadership theory,
the behavioral theories are offering a
new perspective, one that focuses on the
behaviors of the leaders as opposed to
their mental, physical or social
characteristics.

Managerial grid

Situational Theory
The situational Leadership theory argues
that there is no single way of leading and
that every leadership style should be
based on certain situations, which
signifies that there are certain people
who perform at the maximum level in
certain places.

 To a certain extent contingency

leadership theories are an extension of
the trait theory, in the sense that human
traits are related to the situation in
which the leaders exercise their
leadership.

Fiedlers Contingency
Theory

In this theory the effective groups

depend upon a proper match between a
leader's style of interacting with
subordinates and the degree to which
the situation gives control and influence
to the leader.

 The dominant trait in this model is

the personality factor causing the
leader to be either relationshiporiented or task-orientated.

Identifying Leadership Style

Fiedler believes a key factor in leadership
success is the individuals basic leadership
style
So he created the Least Prefer Co-worker
(LPC) Questionnaire
LPC-An instrument that tells to measure
whether a person is task or relationship
oriented

 If the LPC score is low then the person is

task oriented.
If the LPC score is high then the person is
relationship oriented.

Least Preferred Co-worker (LPC)

Scale
Pleasant
Friendly
Rejecting
Tense
Cold
Supportive
Boring
Quarrelsome
Gloomy
Open
Backbiting
Untrustworthy
Considerate
Nasty
Agreeable
Insincere
Kind

8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8

7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7

6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Unpleasant
Unfriendly
Accepting
Relaxed
Warm
Hostile
Interesting
Harmonious
Cheerful
Closed
Loyal
Trustworthy
Inconsiderate
Nice
Disagreeable
Sincere
Unkind

Scoring
Your final score is the total of the numbers you
circled on the 18 scales
57 or less = Low LPC (task motivated)
58-63 = Middle LPC (socio-independent leaders,
self directed and not overly concerned with the
task or with how others view them)
64 or above = High LPC (motivated by
relationships)
After knowing the leadership style through LPC
and defining all the situations, we will chose the
leader who will fit for the situation.

Leadership styles
1. Autocratic Leadership
2. Democratic Leadership
3. Laissez-Faire Leadership
4. Paternalistic Leadership.

Autocratic Leadership
Under the autocratic leadership style, all
decision-making powers are centralized
in the leader.
They do not entertain any suggestions or
initiatives from subordinates. The
autocratic management has been
successful as it provides strong
motivation to the manager.

Democratic Leadership
The participative leadership style
involves the leader taking into
consideration the opinions of some of his
employees before arriving at a final
decision. This leadership style is useful
for the leader, as he gets to see a given
situation from all directions, before
deciding on the final course of action.

Laissez-Faire leadership
Under this style of leadership the
subordinates or workers are free to take
and implement their own decision and
policies. Subordinates are provided help
by the leaders only when required. This
system helps in building a confidence of
works and makes them more self
dependent.

Paternalistic Leadership
This type of leader is like a father to
subordinates or workers. This type of
leader looks after worker/subordinate
guides them, helps them, and take at
most care of workers like a father who
loves and cares his children.

THANK YOU