NAME

STUDENT ID

WILSON LO WEI KONG

0317382

LEE KAI YANG

0314835

CHEW JUN MING

0310173

ERVIN TIONG SHAN JENG

0306613

MUHAMMAD
POOMUN

MUZAFFAR

SRI HARIVENDRAN GANESH

ALLY 0310902

0319578

INTRODUCTION
Subang Parade

COMPONENTS
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
MECHANICAL AND AIR CONDITION SYSTEM
ELECTRICAL AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Fire Protection System

Active method
Passive method

Active method
Fire extinguisher
-Fire extinguisher is an equipment that helps to put out fire. There are
many different types of fire extinguishers such as water, foam, dry powder
and carbon dioxide.

Dry Powder Fire

Extinguisher

Carbon dioxide fire

extinguisher

Active Method
Fire alarm system

-It is designed to provide warning of the outbreak of

fire and allow appropriate firefighting action before
the situation get out of control.

Fire alarm system

Active Method
Sprinkler system
-It is designed to detect, control, extinguish a fire and warn
the occupants of the occurrence of fire.

Sprinkler system

Passive method
Fire door
-Fire door is a door with a fire resistance to reduce the spread of fire or
smoke between compartments

Single leaf fire escape door

Double leaf fire escape door

Passive Method
Fire escape plan

-Fire escape plan is one of the methods to guide the

occupants to evacuate to a safer place

Passive Method
Staircase pressurization
-It is used to keep protected escape routes of a building clear
of smoke by introducing sufficient fresh air

Air-Conditioning System
Centralized
System

Air Condition
System

Diffusers

Water Chiller
System

Centralized System
In a centralized air conditioning system, few major

components are involved in order for the system to

work as it was required to work. These components
include the cooling tower, the Air handling unit and
the water chiller, diffusers etc.

Diffusers
Multi-directional diffuser
-Ensure the air distribution is effective
-The blades are individually adjustable

Linear diffuser
-High induction slot
-Directions of air discharge can be adapted to room conditions

Cone diffuser
-Inner cone can be raised or lowered
-Sometimes square to match ceiling panel

Water Chiller System

Water chiller is a refrigeration machine which

produces chilled water ( Approx 7 Degree C ~ 12

Degree C).The primary function of a chiller is to lower
the temperature of water to such value such that it can
be used for producing cooling effect

Vertical transportation system

Escalator

Elevator

Escalator
Parallel (Two way traffic)
-Parallel escalator moves people in two opposite directions
which are arranged side by side to each other. Parallel
arrangement is used to prevent heavy traffic flow

Criss cross (Two way traffic)

Criss cross escalator moves people in opposite directions in
a criss cross pattern. Criss cross arrangement allows the
customers to travel to upper floor with the least amount of
time required without any waiting time

Elevator
Hydraulic elevator
-Hydraulic Elevator uses the principles of hydraulics to pressurize an
above ground or in-ground piston to raise and lower the car

Electric elevator
-It generally powered by electric motors that either drive traction cables or
counterweight systems like a hoist, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a
cylindrical piston like a jack

System Operation
1)

2)

3)

4)

TNB Room

Transformer Room

Low Voltage Room

Main Switchboard
Generator Set

Electrical Panel Room

TNB Room
3 feeders
25 VCB

Installed in high voltage room

VCB is used to prevent fire outbreak

over flow of electric

Transformer Room
17 transformers
Located in transformer room
5 transformers is for the HVAC system

HVAC system 11kV to 3.3kV

Remaining transformers is for normal use
Step-down for normal use from 11kV to 415V

Low Voltage Room

Main switch board to the miniature circuit breaker,

then to distribution board through the bus bar, and

to the load.
Located at low voltage room with the gen-sets
Three main switch board, consists of 2 feeder pillar,
one duty and one standby and bar couple
Bar couple is to transfer the electric from one feeder
to another
Miniature circuit breaker, protect
the electric circuit from damage
cause by overload or short
circuit automatically.

Gen-set
3 gen-sets in the building
Located in low voltage room
2 gen-sets are 100kVA and 1 is 1250kVA

Electric Panel Room

Consists of distribution panel, miniature circuit breaker

(MCCB), and busbar

Busbar transfers electric supply from the main switch
board to loads in each floor of the building.
Distribution panel distributes electric supply from the bus
bar to the shops in the building

Bus bar room

Interior of electrical panel

Problems and solutions

Problems of existing Airconditioning system

Active Design:

A) Weak mechanical air distribution equipment

B) Leakage
D) Bad indoor air quality near to
vehicle entrance

C) Head loss

Problems of existing Airconditioning system

Passive Design:

E) Shading

Solutions of existing Airconditioning system

Active Design:

A) Weak mechanical air distribution equipment

Solution: Multi-direction diffuser must be installed
instead of linear diffuser to avoid weak air
conditioning

Solutions of existing Airconditioning system

B) Heat energy loss and C) Head Loss
Solutions to B) and C)
1) Seal all the leakage

2) Use insulated ducting

Solutions of existing Airconditioning system

D) Bad indoor air quality near to vehicle entrance
Solution:

Air curtain should be installed at vehicle

entrance in Subang Parade. An air curtain
is a continuous broad stream of air
circulated across a doorway of a conditioned
space. It reduces penetration of insects and
unconditioned air into a conditioned space
by forcing an air stream over the entire
entrance.

Solutions of existing Airconditioning system

E) Shading
Solutions:
Growing big trees around exterior of Subang Parade
is considered as one of the best method of shading.

Although there are some small plants at the exterior

of Subang Parade but the small plants cannot help
much on reducing the surrounding heat. Big trees
can reduce air temperature by blocking sunlight.
Further cooling occurs when water evaporates
from the leaf surface. The process of conversion
of water to air removes heat energy from the air.

Problems of existing vertical

transportation system

Hydraulic Elevator:

1) undesirable positions of elevators

2) insignificant capacity of the elevator (max 20)
3) time taken for the door to close is too long

4)slow speed of the elevator

5) no handrail in the elevator ( for aged person)

Solutions of existing vertical

transportation system
Hydraulic Elevator:
1) The Elevators must be placed in a visible place
2) Instead of hydraulic elevator, electric elevator must

be used
3) apply two speed centers opening for higher speed of
the door opening and closing
4)electric elevator must be used
5) incorporate handrails in the elevator

Problems of existing vertical

transportation system
Escalators

1) Parallel two ways traffic escalator

First type is double, parallel two ways traffic escalator.
This kind of arrangement permits the travelers moving between
the two floors and increase traveler comfort compared to single
arrangement.
However, customers got to travel long distances towards the
other end of the escalator then take another escalator to the
subsequent floors when they intended to travel up to the
following floor.
This might cause the inconveniences towards the users once they
are in a hurry.
Moreover, this may additionally produce mass at the escalators
as there are restricted numbers of escalators out there and the
steps don't seem to be wide enough to hold additional
passengers.

Problems of existing vertical

transportation system
2) Criss cross two ways traffic escalator
The second type is crisscross two way traffic escalator.
This type of arrangement moves people in opposite directions in a
crisscross pattern. Some crisscross escalator is separated.
The problem is that if the next escalator is not in sight, the passenger
will be confused where to take the next escalator and may be annoyed
by that.
If there are passengers who need to travel up to many floors and do not
have access to it, it will be inconvenience for them.
The other problem for it will be that the passengers will just move up
and down between floors too easily and therefore they will miss the
shops on the floors and this will affects the shop sales.

Solutions of existing vertical

transportation system
1) Parallel escalators
In conclusion, we suggest applying the crisscross two ways traffic arrangements
instead of using double, parallel two ways traffic arrangements.
Users don't have to waste their time and energy to walk past the stores simply
just to visit another floor.

Moreover, this could diminish the crowded users during the peak hours.
Pursued by one way traffic, staircases brings inconveniences to particular users.
Thus the designers must take into account that the activities of the elderly
within the mall by proper escalator arrangements.
The arrangements of crisscross two ways traffic is that the best proposal to have
in the mall, however if it has inefficient space than double two ways traffic can
be the choice to possess it.

Solutions of existing vertical

transportation system
2) Crisscross escalator
The solution for this crisscross escalator is that, we suggest using

crisscross escalator that is connected together rather than separated

ones to prevent confusion from the customers.
Other than that, we can put most of the unpopular shops around the
escalator so that more people will saw it to improve the sales.
The other solution for it is that build more elevators instead of this to
move people up and down faster to prevent the passengers get bored
when moving up the escalator