PRESENTATION ON AM

MODULATION & POWER AND

CURRENT CALCULATION

Amit Gupta
ECE’06
6220406501
Amplitude modulation
Amplitude modulation
Amplitude modulation
1. The frequency of sinusoidal carrier is much
higher than the modulating signal.
2. In AM instantaneous amplitude of the
sinusoidal high frequency carrier is change in
proportion to the instantaneous amplitude of
modulating signal
3. The information in the AM signal is contain in
the amplitude variations of the carrier of the
envelope
4. Note the frequency and phase of the carrier
remain constant
5. AM is used in the application such as radio
Mathematical representation of AM wave
let the mod ulating signal be represente d as
em  Em cos mt........(1)
em  ins tan tan eous amplitude of mod ulating signal
m  frequency of mod ulating signal
let the carrier signal be represente d as
ec  Ec cos ct........(2)
Ec  peak amplitude of carrier signal
c  frequency of carrier signal
ec  A cos(2f c )t........(3)
where A repersent theins tan tan eous valeof envelope
A  Ec  em  Ec  Em cos(2f m )t
Hence AM wave is given by
e AM  A cos(2f c )t   Ec  Em cos(2f m )t  cos(2f c )t
 E 
e AM  Ec 1  m cos(2f m )t  cos(2f c )t
 Ec 
E
let m  m mod ulation index
Ec
e AM  Ec 1  m cos(2f m )t  cos(2f c )t
this represents the AM signal
 Modulation Index
In am wave the Modulation Index
(m) is defined as the ratio of amplitudes
of the modulating and carrier waves as
follows: E
m m
Ec
Calculation of Modulation Index
Em
in order to calculate let mod ulation index m 
Ec
Emax  Emin
Em  ........(1)
2
Ec  Emax  Em ........(2)
substituting eqn(1) in eqn(2)
 E  Emin 
Ec  Emax   max 
 2 
E  Emin
Ec  max .......(3)
2
E
But m  m
Ec
substituting values from eqn(1) and eqn(2)
Emax  Emin
2 E  Emin
m  max ......(4)
Emax  Emin Emax  Emin
2
This is required exp ression
Power relations in AM
the total power in an AM wave is given by,
Pt  carrier power  power in USB  power in LSB..(1)
E 2 carr E 2USB E 2 LSB
Pt    ........(2)
R R R
where Ecarr , EUSB and E LSB are rms value of carrier and
sideband amplitudes
R  characteristics resis tan ce of antenna
Carrier power :

Pc 
E 2 carr


E 2c 2


E 2c
.....(3)
R R 2R
Ec  peak carrier amplitude
power in sidebands :
E 2 SB
PUSB  PLSB 
R
mEc
we know peak amplitude of each sideband 
2

PUSB  PLSB 
mE c2 2  
2
m2 E 2c
.........(4)
R 8R
m2 E 2c
PUSB  PLSB  .
4 2R
E 2c
in above eqn.  Pc
2R
m2
PUSB  PLSB  Pc .........(5)
4
Total power :
Pt  Pc  PUSB  PLSB
m2 m2
Pt  Pc  Pc  Pc
4 4
 m2 
Pt  Pc 1  
 2 
AM power in terms of Current
AM power in of current ,
assume I c to be the rms current corresponding to
un mod ulated carrier and I t to be the rms
current for AM wave
2 2
Pc  I c R and Pt  I t R
2 2
Pt I R I
 t 2  t 2 .......... ..(11)
Pc I c R I c
Pt  m 2 
but  1  
Pc  2 
2
 It  m2
   1 .......... .(12)
I
 c  2
12
 m2 
I t  I c 1   .......... .(13)
 2 
mod ulation index in term of currents :
2
m2  It 
from eqn (12), 1   
2  Ic 
12
 I 
2

m  2 t   1 .....(13)

 I c  
 