Transformer Oil And

Temperature Checking And

Intimating To The Electricity
Board

synopsis

An embedded system is a computer system with a

dedicated function within a larger mechanical or
electrical system.
It is embedded as part of a complete device often
including hardware and mechanical parts.
Monitoring temperature in the transformer using sensor
and report to the electricity board is the main goal of my
project in order to avoid accidental over heat bursting of
transformer.

INTRODUCTION

Temperature monitoring and control is important in

industrial environments.
Sensors are widely used for measurement of temperature.
Usually, a temperature sensor converts the temperature into
an equivalent voltage output. IC LM35 is such a sensor.
Here we describe a temperature measurement and display
system based on LM35 sensor and PIC16F877A
microcontroller.
Microcontrollers are widely used in many commercial
and industrial applications.
They are traditionally programmed using the assembly
language of the target microcontroller.

BLOCK DIAGRAM
LM35
LCD
DISPLAY

TEMPERATUR
E SENSOR

MICROCON
TROLLER

POWER
SUPPLY

GSM
MODEM

RECEIVER

MEDIUM

TRANSCEI
VER

TEMPERATURE SENSOR

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit

temperature sensors, with an output voltage linearly
proportional to the Centigrade temperature.
Thus the LM35 has an advantage over linear
temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is
not required to subtract a large constant voltage from the
output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling.
The LM35 does not require any external calibration or
trimming to provide typical accuracies of C at room
temperature and C over a full 55C to +150C
temperature range.

PIC16F877A microcontroller

IC PIC16F877A is an 8-bit microcontroller with 8k14-bit

flash program memory, 368 bytes of RAM and many other
extra peripherals like ADC, universal synchronous
asynchronous receiver transmitter, master synchronous
serial port, timers, compare capture and pulse-width
modulation modules, and analogue comparators.
It is based on the reduced instruction set computer (RISC)
architecture.
The microcontroller processes the sensor output to compute
the temperature in degree Celsius.
The internal ADC of the microcontroller is used to convert
the analogue output of the sensor into its equivalent digital
value.

LCD DISPLAY

A 162 LCD based on HD44780 controller is used for displaying

the temperature.
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic
visual display, or video display that uses the light modulating
properties of liquid crystals.
LCD displays utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a
liquid crystal solution between them.
An electric current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to
align so that light cannot pass through them.
Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either allowing light to
pass through or blocking the light.

GSM MODEM
A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which
accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a
mobile operator, just like a mobile phone.
A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a
GSM wireless network.
A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem
which sends and receives data through radio waves.

Reading, writing and deleting SMS messages.

Sending SMS messages.
Monitoring the signal strength.
Monitoring the charging status and charge level of the battery.
Reading, writing and searching phone book entries.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

MICROCONTROLLER
GSM MODERM
LM35 TEMPERATURE SENSOR
POWER SUPPLY

SOFTWARE REQUIREMNTS

AVR STUDIO
SINA PROG
VIRTUAL TERMINAL

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
The software code is written in C language and compiled
using Hitech C cross compiler in MPLAB IDE. The
software performs the following operations in an infinite
loop:
1. Initiate analogue-to-digital conversion and obtain the
result
2. Calculate the equivalent voltage value from the ADC
result
3. Calculate the temperature in degree Celsius from the
voltage value
4. Display the temperature on the LCD

THANK YOU..